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891.
Przystalski and Krajewski (2007) proposed the restricted backfitting (RBCF) estimator and restricted Speckman (RSPC) estimator for the treatment effects in a partially linear model when some additional exact linear restrictions are assumed to hold. In this article, we introduce the preliminary test backfitting (PTBCF) estimator and preliminary test Speckman (PTSPC) estimator when the validity of the restrictions is suspected. Performances of the proposed estimators are examined with respect to the mean squared error (MSE) criterion. In addition, numerical behaviors of the proposed estimators are illustrated and compared via a Monte Carlo simulation study. 相似文献
892.
The Cox proportional hazards (PH) regression model has been widely used to analyze survival data in clinical trials and observational studies. In addition to estimating the main treatment or exposure group effect, it is common to adjust for additional covariates using the Cox model. It is well known that violation of the PH assumption can lead to estimates that are biased and difficult to interpret, and model checking has become a routine procedure. However, such checking might focus on the primary group comparisons, and the assumption can still be violated when adjusting for many of the potential covariates. We study the effect of violation of the PH assumption of the covariates on the estimation of the main group effect in the Cox model. The results are summarized in terms of the bias and the coverage properties of the confidence intervals. Overall in randomized clinical trials, the bias caused by misspecifying the PH assumption on the covariates is no more than 15% in absolute value regardless of sample size. In observational studies where the covariates are likely correlated with the group variable, however, the bias can be very severe. The coverage properties largely depend on sample size, as expected, as bias becomes dominating with increasing sample size. These findings should serve as cautionary notes when adjusting for potential confounders in observational studies, as the violation of PH assumption on the confounders can lead to erroneous results. 相似文献
893.
894.
基于2011—2019年我国277个市域农业的面板数据,运用反事实方法科学测度了其经济韧性水平,并借助系统GMM模型、中介模型和动态门槛模型等方法,实证检验了数字经济对市域农业经济韧性的影响效应及作用机理。研究发现:数字经济显著增强了市域农业经济韧性,这一结论经一系列稳健性检验后仍能成立;机制分析结果表明,农业资本深化是数字经济提升市域农业经济韧性的重要路径。异质性分析表明,在东部、中部、西部地区和人力资本水平较高的地区,数字经济对市域农业经济韧性的影响效应更为显著,而对东北部地区的提升效应则不显著。动态门槛检验进一步揭示,数字经济对市域农业经济韧性的影响呈现边际递增的非线性特征,当数字经济发展水平越过特定门槛值(0147)时,数字经济对市域农业经济韧性的促进作用显著增强。 相似文献
895.
功能性模型认为,提升警察信任的主要方法在于预防和控制犯罪,降低犯罪率与提升公众安全感;而表达性模型认为,提升警察信任更应注重维护社会正义与社区凝聚力。基于提出促进中国警察信任度提高的理论模型,提升公众获得感、幸福感、安全感,实现国家和社会整体安全的最终目的,采用结构方程模型验证“功能性-表达性模型”与中国警察信任关系的结果表明,功能性模型与表达性模型内部因素之间存在显著路径关系,同时功能性模型显著影响表达性模型指标进而改变公众对警察的信任程度。经调节效应分析后发现,主观社会阶层负向调节被害经历到犯罪恐惧感的直接路径,社交媒体使用负向调节犯罪恐惧感到警察信任的直接路径;在主观社会阶层和社交媒体使用的共同调节作用下,“被害经历→犯罪恐惧感→警察信任”中介路径效应值,随社交媒体使用频率的提升而增大,随主观社会阶层的升高而减小。 相似文献
896.
Cross-border R&D can contribute to the enhancement of independent innovation capabilities of emerging markets multinational enterprises (EMNEs) by benefiting from knowledge management. However, scant research exists examining the location impact of cross-border R&D for EMNEs on performance implications. This paper fills this important theoretical gap by building upon the literature of genetic distance in connection with knowledge management. We use a panel data of Chinese high-tech listed companies to empirically examine the impact of genetic distance on the performance of cross-border R&D and the role played by international experience. Our results reveal a positive relationship between genetic distance and the performance of cross-border R&D. Importantly, we highlight the motivation for cross-border R&D of EMNEs to acquire technical knowledge magnifies the positive effects of genetic distance and performance. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that international experience significantly enhanced the positive effect of genetic distance on cross-border R&D performance. We conclude this paper by discussing theoretical contributions to genetic distance, international management and knowledge management, as well as practical implications for cross-border R&D of EMNEs. 相似文献
897.
京津冀公共服务一体化是突破京津冀发展瓶颈,推动京津冀区域协同发展的重要抓手之一。本文以京津冀城市圈13个城市为研究区域,通过构建公共服务供给水平的评价指标体系,利用熵值法测度了2014-2017年京津冀城市圈各城市的公共服务供给水平,并对其呈现出的区域格局及区域差异进行探讨,结果显示:京津冀城市圈不同城市间公共服务供给水平差异显著,呈现出以北京和天津为中心逐渐衰减的空间格局;2014-2017年京津冀城市圈不同城市间公共服务供给水平的区域差异逐渐缩小,公共服务供给水平由不均衡格局逐渐向均衡格局演进。本文研究结果为推进京津冀城市圈公共服务协调发展提供建议参考。 相似文献
898.
新疆陆梁油田呼图壁河组油藏发育一类特殊的薄层底水型油藏,其特点是油层厚度薄,构造幅度低,底水能量大,利用水平井开采,表现出无水采油期短、含水率上升速度快、产量递减大的特点。针对这些问题,采用水平井数值模拟方法,建立了考虑摩擦压力损失的水平井井筒模型,明确了摩擦压力损失对水平井的压力分布以及水平段产量的影响,在此基础上,分析研究了水平井底水锥进的水脊特征,判断了水平井出水位置,提出了封堵出水井段并结合油藏工程方法确定了水平井合理产液量,从而达到抑制底水快速锥进,减小压力损失,降低含水率上升速度的目的。 相似文献
899.
Tzu Yang Loh Mario P. Brito Neil Bose Jingjing Xu Kiril Tenekedjiev 《Risk analysis》2020,40(6):1258-1278
The use of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for various applications have grown with maturing technology and improved accessibility. The deployment of AUVs for under-ice marine science research in the Antarctic is one such example. However, a higher risk of AUV loss is present during such endeavors due to the extremities in the Antarctic. A thorough analysis of risks is therefore crucial for formulating effective risk control policies and achieving a lower risk of loss. Existing risk analysis approaches focused predominantly on the technical aspects, as well as identifying static cause and effect relationships in the chain of events leading to AUV loss. Comparatively, the complex interrelationships between risk variables and other aspects of risk such as human errors have received much lesser attention. In this article, a systems-based risk analysis framework facilitated by system dynamics methodology is proposed to overcome existing shortfalls. To demonstrate usefulness of the framework, it is applied on an actual AUV program to examine the occurrence of human error during Antarctic deployment. Simulation of the resultant risk model showed an overall decline in human error incident rate with the increase in experience of the AUV team. Scenario analysis based on the example provided policy recommendations in areas of training, practice runs, recruitment policy, and setting of risk tolerance level. The proposed risk analysis framework is pragmatically useful for risk analysis of future AUV programs to ensure the sustainability of operations, facilitating both better control and monitoring of risk. 相似文献
900.
Urban Ecosystems - Aiming to explore the species-specific responses of biomass allocation and whole-tree transpiration in urban trees to pavement and drought, a field manipulation experiment grew... 相似文献