The Chinese Road in the Light of Historical Continuity

The Chinese road has deep historical roots. Its most striking feature is that it is marked by historical continuity rather than rupture, and the main force behind this continuity is its intrinsic dynamism and vitality. Unlike the paradigm of Eurocentrism or “Discovering History in China,” the comparative analytical paradigm discovers China through long-term comparisons with corresponding countries in the same time and space in an effort to find positive elements in the history of the Chinese road and to refute the long prevalent theory of Chinese stagnation. Seen over the course of world history, the impetus for the creation of the world’s most brilliant agrarian civilization was endogenous. This impetus was not a momentary “explosive force” but a sustainable institutional drive whose main constituents were the independent farming household, endogenous government capacity and adaptive national governance. In addition to the main theme of “permanent change,” Chinese development had a secondary theme of “cyclical change” which cannot be ignored. The roots of Chinese development are buried deep in the genes of this agrarian nation in the form of sticky institutions, bureaucratic inertia, arbitrary power, etc. Historical continuity provided a foundation for China’s creative revolution and development in modern times, ultimately laying down a socialist development road with Chinese characteristics, although this remains an unfinished relay process.     

提高辅导员工作信息化实践探索

本文在分析辅导员信息素养基础上,对提高辅导员工作信息化进行实践探索。     

Anger Expression and Persistence in Young Children

This study investigated anger expression during toy removal (TR) in 92 young Chinese children, two to five years of age, and its relations to their persistence in responding to obstacles during two challenging tasks with highly desirable goals [TR and locked box (LB)] and one challenging task with a less desirable goal [impossible perfect circles (IPC)]. Anger expression during TR was positively associated with persistence during TR and LB but not during IPC. The results highlighted the positive effects of anger in the development of persistence.     

Bayes shrinkage estimator for consistency assessment of treatment effects in multi-regional clinical trials

The primary objective of a multi-regional clinical trial is to investigate the overall efficacy of the drug across regions and evaluate the possibility of applying the overall trial result to some specific region. A challenge arises when there is not enough regional sample size. We focus on the problem of evaluating applicability of a drug to a specific region of interest under the criterion of preserving a certain proportion of the overall treatment effect in the region. We propose a variant of James-Stein shrinkage estimator in the empirical Bayes context for the region-specific treatment effect. The estimator has the features of accommodating the between-region variation and finiteness correction of bias. We also propose a truncated version of the proposed shrinkage estimator to further protect risk in the presence of extreme value of regional treatment effect. Based on the proposed estimator, we provide the consistency assessment criterion and sample size calculation for the region of interest. Simulations are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed estimators in comparison with some existing methods. A hypothetical example is presented to illustrate the application of the proposed method.     

基于超总体模型的设计效应分解

本文基于超总体模型研究抽样调查中设计效应的计算问题。首先以随机效应模型为基础，明确了简单随机、二阶段、不等概率和分层抽样对应的超总体模型，进而通过所给模型推导出分层、类集、加权单因素设计效应的计算公式和多因素组合的设计效应计算公式并给出了对应估计量，公式表明：多因素同时存在的组合设计效应等于对应单因素设计效应的乘积。最后，对设计效应的理论值、估计值和真实值之间的关系进行了蒙特卡洛仿真，并利用相对偏倚、相对均方误进行了评价。本文的研究，对复杂抽样设计中正确计算、使用设计效应具有指导意义。     

文化差异视角下的英汉颜色词的联想

不同的民族由于地理、民俗、宗教及价值观念等方面的差异,在表达同一概念时,词汇被赋予了许多的联想意义。掌握汉英颜色词不同的文化联想意蕴,并且了解产生这些不同联想意义的原因不仅有利于提高英语学习水平,还能促进和加强中西文化之间的交流。     

张华“二俊”说与陆机的悲剧命运

张华推举陆机、陆云兄弟为"二俊",既是对吴郡陆氏家族文学与学术的肯定,又有着现实的政治谋虑,即试图通过延揽孙吴俊才而安抚江南人心。中朝人士拥有胜利者的优越感,对亡国吴士颇为鄙夷和嘲讽。陆机试图扭转这种偏见,因此当众称美故乡,又不肯听从顾荣、戴若思等人的规劝,执意卷入晋室纷争,试图通过匡世济难来证明吴郡陆氏的军事才能。孙吴亡国的耻辱和挽回家族声誉的努力,并试图去证明吴国灭亡非士人之过,这是陆机悲剧的心理根源。     

中国古籍竖写左行排版模式溯源

甲骨文版式的多样性使中国古籍的竖写左行模式有了选择的基础,而竹简的使用及编简者的行为习惯使竖写左行的模式成为古籍编排的必然.这种习惯一直延续到“五四新文化运动”前期,后因外来音节文字对汉语的影响而改变.     

教育券:解决城市流动儿童入学问题的良方还是歧途?

通过发行"教育券"来解决流动儿童的入学问题是当前一种较流行的主张。但这一主张只是从表面上使中央政府、地方政府和流动人口家庭之间达成了一定程度的妥协,能够在一定程度上缓解流动儿童的入学难题,却无法触及到问题的根源,无法从根本上解决流动儿童的义务教育问题。其根源在于对弗里德曼教育券理论的一种错误理解和运用。在美国,教育券要解决的是促使不同类型的学校尤其是私立学校通过竞争得到发展的问题,而不是要解决谁应该为学生的义务教育买单的问题。只有将义务教育经费划拨从"以县为主"上升为"以省为主",才有望从根本上解决流动儿童接受义务教育的经费问题。