虚拟经济本质与当代金融危机

资本证券化与大众资本的出现,使市场经济继自由竞争市场经济、垄断市场经济后进入第三时代:实体经济与虚拟经济互动的时代,由此形成当代经济的纷纭万象,经济危机通过虚拟经济体系而获得新的形态--由金融危机扩张至整个经济系统.这是当代市场经济结构的最基本特征,而马克思主义是解开其发生机制的理论钥匙.     

俄罗斯外交家罗高寿回望中国

＂我的朋友遍中国,我是怀着伤感离去的。＂3年前的蒙蒙细雨中,一个高大的身影步出挂着俄罗斯国旗的黑色奔驰车,随后登上了飞往莫斯科的飞机。他就是刚刚卸任的俄罗斯驻华大使罗高寿。     

技术进步、内生人口增长与产业结构转型

文章把工业革命、内生人口增长和产业结构理论统一在一个理论框架内,指出工业革命的主要作用是影响必需品和非必需品部门的相对技术进步速度进而影响相对价格,从而决定着人口增长的转型、产业结构的转型和人类社会从"马尔萨斯陷阱"到现代经济增长的转型过程.我们的模型不仅为"马尔萨斯之谜"提供了一个全新的理论解释,而且能够较好地克服传统的人力资本理论不能解释横截面数据、只适合解释欧洲等不足之处,同时又为产业结构在工业革命之后的转型提供了合理的解释.     

高校建设项目前期造价审计策略的研究

在高校建设项目实施的整个过程中,建设前期的造价控制对整个工程项目的造价影响极大,因此高校内审部门应对建设前期的造价审计予以特别重视。然而,高校对建设前期造价审计的运用还处于初步阶段,仍没有形成成熟的操作体系。文章从投资决策、设计、预算编制3个阶段对审计策略分别予以探究,为高校内审人员开展项目前期审计提供思路和实践依据,力争使高校建设项目造价从源头上得到有效控制,提高投资效益。     

Family Relationships,Social Connections,and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Older Adults in International Migrant Families

This study explored whether and how family relationships and social connections influence depressive symptoms of older migrants and older adults in transnational families using the data gathered from a cross-sectional survey in Los Angeles, California, United States, and Beijing, China. Regression results showed that the older migrants reported significantly higher levels of depression than the elders in transnational families. The findings highlight the importance of maintaining close family relations and having large friendship networks for older adults in international migrant families.     

Bootstrap-calibrated empirical likelihood confidence intervals for the difference between two Gini indexes

Measuring the difference between two Gini indexes is important in comparing the inequality between two groups. This paper systematically provides confidence intervals for this difference. First, normal approximation- and bootstrap-based confidence intervals are provided for the difference. Second, empirical likelihood (EL)-based confidence intervals are proposed according to a ratio statistic that is proven to have a weighted Chi-squared distribution with one degree of freedom. Third, two calibration approaches are established to improve the undercoverage issue of the EL method; these two approaches are augmented EL and bootstrap-calibrated EL. Monte Carlo simulations show that bootstrap-calibrated EL generally outperforms other methods in constructing confidence intervals. In the simulations, these methods are compared with the permutation method to test the equality of two Gini indexes. Lastly, these methods are applied to real data.     

Statistical measurement of the inventory shortage cost

In searching for the optimal inventory control policy, the objective is to minimize the expected total costs related, of which the shortage cost is an important element. Due to the difficulty in calculating the indirect cost of the loss of goodwill resulted from the shortage, practitioners and researchers often simply assume a fixed penalty cost on the inventory shortage or switch to the alternative method by assigning a specific customer service level. The development of an appropriate tool for measuring the shortage cost can help a business control the total costs and improve the productivity more effectively. This paper proposes probabilistic measurements of the shortage cost, based on mathematical relationship between the cost and the shortage amount. The derived closed-form estimates of the expected shortage cost value can then be applied to support the determination of the optimal inventory control policy.     

Parametric bootstrap inferences for the growth curve models with intraclass correlation structure

This paper presents parametric bootstrap (PB) approaches for hypothesis testing and interval estimation of the fixed effects and the variance component in the growth curve models with intraclass correlation structure. The PB pivot variables are proposed based on the sufficient statistics of the parameters. Some simulation results are presented to compare the performance of the proposed approaches with the generalized inferences. Our studies show that the PB approaches perform satisfactorily for various cell sizes and parameter configurations, and tends to outperform the generalized inferences with respect to the coverage probabilities and powers. The PB approaches not only have almost exact coverage probabilities and Type I error rates, but also have the shorter expected lengths and the higher powers. Furthermore, the PB procedure can be simply carried out by a few simulation steps. Finally, the proposed approaches are illustrated by using a real data example.     

Perceived Need for Home- and Community-Based Services: Experiences of Urban Chinese Older Adults With Functional Impairments

Guided by Cantor’s social care model, this study identified individual, family, and social support factors that influence urban older adults’ need for home- and community-based services, including medical and rehabilitation, instrumental care and support, and psychosocial services. The data were extracted from the Sample Survey on Aged Population in Urban/Rural China conducted by the China Research Center on Aging in 2006. Results from multiple logistic regression show that older adults’ need for medical and rehabilitation services is significantly related to instrumental activities of daily living, depression, not having filial children, friend support networks, and having a confidant. Older adults’ need for instrumental care and support is related to their educational attainment, financial strain, instrumental activities of daily living, not living with children, and friend support networks. Finally, older adults’ need for psychosocial services is significantly related to educational attainment, depression, not being married, friend support networks, and having a confidant. Implications for social service development are discussed.