立法语言的语体(下)

立法语言是准确表达立法意图、立法目的和体现立法政策的一种专门载体,比一般的语言文字严谨、规范、简洁、通俗、明确。法律文本大到行文成篇,小至遣词用字,都应当予以足够的重视,要求既符合作为法律行业特殊语体的习惯和规则,也要符合国家通用语言文字(普通话)的语法、语义要求。根据我国立法文本的用字和用词、立法语言的口语以及立法语言的外来词等方面的统计、分析和研究,我们发现立法语言具有通用语言文字和特殊行业语言的双重特点,自然也要接受、符合通用语言文字和法律行业语言的双重规范。     

美国进出口银行立法的历史发展及其对完善我国进出口银行制度的启示

美国进出口银行的历史发展,在内容上主要表现为其相对独立法律地位的确立及其与政府行政机构间的关系的成熟和完善,在形式上的表现则是其法律制度的建立和完善。美国进出口银行的历史发展,对完善我国包括进出口银行在内的政策性金融制度具有启示意义。     

Quality self-control and co-supervision mechanism of construction agent in public investment project in China

Public investment project (PIP) plays an important role in the China economy. In order to improve the project management performance of public projects, the government is searching for a scientific system to build a construction management supervision mode. This paper introduces the policy background and connotation of Agent Construction System (ACS). As a public investment construction management model, ACS, is gradually being incorporated into the legal framework, it is necessary to improve the construction agent supervision mechanism. This article analyzes the supervision mechanism of construction agent quality management under the principle of two-stage agent mode and establishes an agent quality self-control system and a government co-supervision system. These systems take the contract management as the core and the project quality objective as the guidance. These systems also consist of a two-dimensional framework of vertical self-control and horizontal supervision, which form a quality supervision mechanism. Based on Rough Set theory, the article proposes the idea of building an agent quality self-control and government co-supervision model, and illustrates it with a flow chart for building the model, which paves the way of quantitative research for the future.     

A new confidence interval in errors-in-variables model with known error variance

This paper considers constructing a new confidence interval for the slope parameter in the structural errors-in-variables model with known error variance associated with the regressors. Existing confidence intervals are so severely affected by Gleser–Hwang effect that they are subject to have poor empirical coverage probabilities and unsatisfactory lengths. Moreover, these problems get worse with decreasing reliability ratio which also result in more frequent absence of some existing intervals. To ease these issues, this paper presents a fiducial generalized confidence interval which maintains the correct asymptotic coverage. Simulation results show that this fiducial interval is slightly conservative while often having average length comparable or shorter than the other methods. Finally, we illustrate these confidence intervals with two real data examples, and in the second example some existing intervals do not exist.     

劣势耐用品厂商的产品质保期与质保服务投入策略研究

在实际中，消费者购买耐用品时均同时获得厂商提供的质保服务，由于产品质保服务影响着消费者的产品使用效用，因此耐用品定价、质保期和产品质保服务投入是影响厂商利润的主要因素。考虑双寡头市场环境下，建立微分博弈模型讨论单位产品质保服务投入和产品质保期对双寡头厂商均衡价格的影响。结论表明双寡头厂商的单位产品质保服务投入越高、质保期越长，均衡价格越高；但单位产品保服务投入与质保服务对消费者效用影响系数的关系影响着竞争对手在均衡价格的变化趋势；劣势的低质量厂商可以通过增加单位产品质保服务投入策略或延长质保期的策略实现在均衡下与高质量厂商以同等价格销售耐用品，但劣势厂商增加单位产品质保服务投入策略要优于延长质保期策略。最后，利用数值分析进一步验证了所得结论的有效性。     

抽汲井试井分析数学模型的建立及精确解

根据抽汲井试井工艺过程及其特点,采用已知上一次抽汲结束时的地层压力分布规律建立下一次抽汲数学模型的方法,建立了抽汲井试井分析数学模型,并在Laplace空间求解出了相应的精确解。将这一成果应用于长庆油田之中,结果表明:该理论能描述抽汲井的井底压力瞬变性及抽汲期井底压力变化无规律性的特征,符合实际测试工艺情况,弥补了抽汲井试井这一空白;提高了该类井试井的解释率和解释结果的可信度。同时,利用该理论还可计算抽汲过程中任一时刻的井底压力和关井时刻的井底压力,解决了抽汲井难以计算关井时刻井底压力的问题。     

Multi-neighborhood based iterated tabu search for routing and wavelength assignment problem

The routing and wavelength assignment problem (RWA) has shown to be NP-hard if the wavelength continuity constraint and the objective of minimizing the number of wavelengths are considered. This paper introduces a multi-neighborhood based iterated tabu search algorithm (MN-ITS), which consists of three neighborhoods with a unified incremental evaluation method, to solve the min-RWA problem. The proposed MN-ITS algorithm is tested on a set of widely studied real world instances as well as a set of challenging random ones in the literature. Comparison with other reference algorithms shows that the MN-ITS algorithm is able to improve five best upper bounds obtained by other competitive reference algorithms in the literature. This paper also presents an analysis to show the significance of the unified incremental evaluation technique and the combination of multiple neighborhoods.     

“北人”“南物”与唐后期南北问题的重新审视——以南贬北人间的礼物馈赠为中心

唐后期,南贬北人之间存在一种互赠南方物产的风气。在一些独特的南方物产交换行为的背后实际上蕴含着某种南北互动信息。蕲州簟与文石枕的赠送既能够使双方的情感得以交织与升华,更重要的是使南贬北人在自己编织的礼物交换网络中逐渐找到了环境应对的手段与方法,在积极的个人调适中,使北人与南方环境逐渐融合。而斑竹杖与壁州鞭的赠送则具有南贬北人调适贬谪心态之功用,表达了他们对南方生存现状的强烈不满,以及逃离现实的深切渴望。在环境应对与心态调适的同时,郴笔、叠石砚与叠石琴荐的赠送又体现出南贬北人所持有的正统身份认同观念,在一定程度上阻碍着南北的整合趋势。南贬北人对南方主动的排斥与被动的适应,共同构成了唐后期南贬北人在南方的生存状态。这一充满矛盾的生存状态,使得南北的差异与统一、冲突与整合不时发生着博弈性的变奏,这些历史细节在一定程度上影响着唐后期南北历史的发展进程。     

创新理念的中国管理C模式解读

"创新"发展理念的践行与中国传统文化密切相关。中国古典哲学从儒、墨、道、法、兵、易、禅等学说为创新提供了"仁义"的价值内核、创新主体自由发展的驱动力、"德性管理、实践理性"的方法论、尚贤尚同的组织原则、"权变、逆向、谋算、质疑、直觉、发散、非线性"等创新思维、"博学、审问、慎思、明辨、笃行"的创新过程管理、"知行合一"的创新实践机制,"超越"的本质精神,以"整体性""导向性""动态性"的文化管理体系推动创新的生生不息。进一步整合西方创新理论与管理工具,则构建了中国管理C模式的创新管理系统模型。阴阳变易法则推动创新元素的融合转化与裂变,形成开放式、协同式的"有机组织",推动全面创新及自主创新。中国管理C模式实现了创新管理的价值性、工具性、实践性的统一,为大众创新提供了管理哲学视角的理论基础与方法论。