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21.
依据对长江三角洲次级和县级区域资源配置现状的实证研究发现:一是长江三角洲区域在经历高速重化工业化的同时,开始跨入了内生增长模式的门槛,人力资本的贡献日益显现;二是越来越多的次级区域工业生产能力和技术创新能力正在超越北京、上海以及省会城市,由此国家的科技资源和高等教育资源也应当流向这些区域,使产业、科技、教育资源能够融合在同一个空间,以大大提高整个国家技术创新投入的收益;三是转变经济发展方式和实施创新型国家建设战略的真正落脚点是支持和推动更多的次级和县级区域建立高等教育体系,创造更多的人力资本,开展更多的技术创新活动,使更多的区域采取基于技术进步的增长战略。充足的证据表明,现在到了需要采取一个重视创新资源效率的区域增长战略的时候了。 相似文献
22.
钱寅 《集美大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2021,24(2):64-73
段、顾之争的根源是小学与经学之争.段玉裁的研究方法是根基于小学的考据方法,顾千里的研究方法则是具有传统经学特色的方法.段氏关注字句、片段在其他文献中所呈现的不同,然后施展考据功夫以求形成统一的文本;顾氏则更重视对经学家法的遵守,保持在不同家法传承下经文的差异性.从这一点看,顾千里的校勘和解读更符合经学本身的特征. 相似文献
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Wai Han Sun Heidi Yin Hai Miu Carlos King Ho Wong Joseph D. Tucker 《Journal of sex research》2018,55(1):31-44
Sexual health education for young people is crucial not only for development of norms but also for protection against vulnerabilities during this stage in life. Although several systematic reviews have examined the effectiveness of peer-led sex education, none have focused on the extent of peer participation. The purpose of this review was to evaluate peer-led sexual health education interventions in more developed countries (MDCs). Electronic and manual searches across five social science, education, and medical databases were conducted. Fifteen articles were selected in total. Most (10 of 15) studies gave low or no responsibility to peers. The majority of articles found improvements in sexual health knowledge (13 of 14) and attitudes (11 of 15) at postintervention stages. Two studies showed improved self-efficacy, and three showed behavioral changes. A preliminary synthesis of effectiveness and level of participation was done. Meta-analysis revealed a large effect on knowledge change (Hedges’ g = 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 1.25) and a medium effect on attitude change (Hedges’ g = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.80). Peer-led interventions could be a powerful tool. This review shows that this approach is effective in changing knowledge and attitudes but not behaviors. Further research and action are needed to understand optimal implementation. 相似文献
25.
Bayesian adaptive dose‐escalation designs for simultaneously estimating the optimal and maximum safe dose based on safety and efficacy 下载免费PDF全文
Wai Yin Yeung Bruno Reigner Ulrich Beyer Cheikh Diack Daniel Sabanés bové Giuseppe Palermo Thomas Jaki 《Pharmaceutical statistics》2017,16(6):396-413
The main purpose of dose‐escalation trials is to identify the dose(s) that is/are safe and efficacious for further investigations in later studies. In this paper, we introduce dose‐escalation designs that incorporate both the dose‐limiting events and dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs) and indicative responses of efficacy into the procedure. A flexible nonparametric model is used for modelling the continuous efficacy responses while a logistic model is used for the binary DLTs. Escalation decisions are based on the combination of the probabilities of DLTs and expected efficacy through a gain function. On the basis of this setup, we then introduce 2 types of Bayesian adaptive dose‐escalation strategies. The first type of procedures, called “single objective,” aims to identify and recommend a single dose, either the maximum tolerated dose, the highest dose that is considered as safe, or the optimal dose, a safe dose that gives optimum benefit risk. The second type, called “dual objective,” aims to jointly estimate both the maximum tolerated dose and the optimal dose accurately. The recommended doses obtained under these dose‐escalation procedures provide information about the safety and efficacy profile of the novel drug to facilitate later studies. We evaluate different strategies via simulations based on an example constructed from a real trial on patients with type 2 diabetes, and the use of stopping rules is assessed. We find that the nonparametric model estimates the efficacy responses well for different underlying true shapes. The dual‐objective designs give better results in terms of identifying the 2 real target doses compared to the single‐objective designs. 相似文献
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To enhance modeling flexibility, the authors propose a nonparametric hazard regression model, for which the ordinary and weighted least squares estimation and inference procedures are studied. The proposed model does not assume any parametric specifications on the covariate effects, which is suitable for exploring the nonlinear interactions between covariates, time and some exposure variable. The authors propose the local ordinary and weighted least squares estimators for the varying‐coefficient functions and establish the corresponding asymptotic normality properties. Simulation studies are conducted to empirically examine the finite‐sample performance of the new methods, and a real data example from a recent breast cancer study is used as an illustration. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 37: 659–674; 2009 © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada 相似文献
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胡德胜 《重庆大学学报(社会科学版)》2016,22(3):129-135
中国在原材料出口限制措施案和稀土等产品出口案中的相继败诉,表明中国在战略性自然资源治理方面离市场经济的要求仍有相当差距.符合世贸组织规则的中国战略性自然资源良好治理机制的构建,必须以承认这一差距为思想动力,深入理解市场规律,辨证认识国家自然资源永久主权同世贸组织规则之间的关系与衔接,通过提高体现战略性自然资源稀缺价值的资源税费、制定和执行旨在保护环境的严格而科学的环保制度、建立战略性自然资源类原材料产品储备制度和跟踪制度的路径而完成. 相似文献
29.
西南山区小城市城镇文化建设SWOT分析——以重庆市城口县为例 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
文化建设带动区域发展对西南山区小城镇具有一定参考,是实现新形势下的特色城镇化发展的有益尝试。文章选择重庆市城口县为研究对象,运用SWOT研究方法,系统分析城口县在建设城镇文化进程中的优势、局限、机遇和挑战,归纳西南山区小城镇发展城镇文化的内外部环境,研究结果显示,城口县发展城镇文化总体上具有资源丰富的优势和空间受限等局限,国内政策、地方发展机遇等略大于区域竞争的挑战,且个别挑战和局限可以转化为发展机遇和优势。因此,以文化建设带动西南山区小城镇新型城镇化发展的思路具有一定可行性,但要结合小城市当地实际,打造有特色的文化空间格局和构建地方文化体系。 相似文献
30.
随着城市社会经济的快速发展,公路主枢纽规划所面临的形势发生了重要变化,规划的理念也需要更新,因此许多主枢纽城市已经完成或正在进行公路主枢纽规划修编工作. 相似文献