我国通讯设备制造企业跨国经营的技术战略

我国通讯设备企业跨国经营,技术是企业竞争力的来源,所以,加强对技术战略的管理具有重要意义。通讯设备企业要走出去,应研究和分析跨国经营的环境和国际技术竞争新特点,制定适合自身发展的技术战略。建议企业的技术战略是：企业的技术战略应与整体战略和其他分战略相适应;采取多样化的技术获取战略;运用技术应用战略等。     

开放性试题及其对教与学的反拨作用

开放性试题较之传统的封闭性试题在出题形式和出题内容方面更加灵活。它的答案是开放型的,学生可以根据自身对题目的理解,结合自己的知识层面和知识背景,运用具有个体特色的解题思路给出答案,因此更能真实地反映学生对于所学知识掌握的深度和广度,以及学生群体的思维灵活性、联想和创新能力。同时,对于教师来说,必须紧跟时代步伐,不断提高自身的业务素质和综合能力,提高教学水平,改进教学方法,以满足学生日益提高的求知欲望。因此,开放性试题对教与学均有着明显的反拨作用。     

从苏童的《妻妾成群》探究中国的女性权力问题

本文分析苏童小说《妻妾成群》,深刻地揭示了女性生存权力的抗争。     

大学生非正式群体行为特征对思想政治教育工作的影响研究

文章就大学生非正式群体开展思想政治教育工作提出建议。     

我国书籍出版的总体规模及其演进轨迹

我国书籍出版经过60余年的不断发展,品种和总印数已居于世界首位,总定价和销售额也逐年稳步上升。书籍产业已成为国民经济重要的朝阳产业,并推动国民经济的不断发展,同时也为广大人民提高了文化生活水平,为促进我国的精神文明建设作出了巨大的贡献。为更好地促进书籍出版正常有序稳定的发展,对新中国成立以来书籍的总体增长和产品结构变化进行梳理。总结书籍出版发展成绩与不足,有利于书籍产业的健康持续发展。     

Markets or networks: Households’ choice of financial intermediary in Western China

We argue that households’ choice of financial intermediary is conditioned by households’ social network structures and socioeconomic status. Analyses show that households’ social network size and network composition affect their choices by limiting the quality and quantity of information, resources, and social influence one can access through social ties. Moreover, we find that high-SES families favor formal intermediaries due not only to their richer financial knowledge, higher affordability, and greater capacity to repay loans, but also to their high demands and special types of financial needs that can hardly be satisfied by embedded resources.     

新制度落实:单位内部的上下分际及其运作

本文试图在决策层与单位成员上下分际的组织结构中,讨论新制度落实的决策逻辑、行动特征以及合法性获得等内部运作问题。案例显示:新制度的落实首先是一个"台后决策"的运作过程,其基本的逻辑是"以特定的政策将特定的人放在特定位置上";由于缺乏"固定群体的稳定共识",单位成员的行动反应呈现出一种相互牵制的特征,从而降低了修改制度文本的可能性;新制度实施方案的合法性获得在一定程度上与仪式性组织活动所建构的情境压力及其对表决行为所施加的影响有关。概言之,新制度的落实是一个克服上下分际的组织结构的结构性张力的过程。     

劳动力市场中的社会资本与市场化

社会资本与市场化的关系是:对于市场化而言,社会资本是一种有益的非市场力量,还是市场力量的另外一种形式?从文献中可以看到,社会资本与市场化均属不易被操作化的变量,因此围绕二者关系的实证研究结果也各有不同。本文对2009年中国八城市"社会网络与职业经历"大型问卷调查数据的分析结果显示,市场化的不同测量对社会资本与市场化关系的判定影响很大;但是三种不同的测量仍然产生了一个一致性结果,即市场化进程在提升了社会资本的"认可度"的同时降低了社会资本的"含金量"。     

青少年道德判断能力研究

道德教育重要组成部分的道德判断能力,在规范人际关系上发挥着法律所无法起到的作用,对此进行研究为中国学校道德教育提供有效的评估工具和手段．使道德教育更具科学性和可操作性。德国道德心理学家林德设计的“道德判断测验（MJT）”界定了道德认知和情感。对湖北省青少年的研究发现,青少年道德判断能力的总体相对偏低。在政治面貌这一特征上出现了显著差异,而性别职业学历、是否为独生子女、家住农村或城镇等方面的不同不会带来显著差异。具体到各特征内部,出现了年龄、政治面貌等值得进一步关注的问题。     

Water sources of urban trees in the Los Angeles metropolitan area

In semi-arid cities, urban trees are often irrigated, but may also utilize natural water sources such as groundwater. Consequently, the sources of water for urban tree transpiration may be uncertain, complicating efforts to efficiently manage water resources. We used a novel approach based on stable isotopes to determine tree water sources in the Los Angeles basin, where we hypothesized that trees would rely on irrigation water in the soil rather than develop deep roots to tap into groundwater. We evaluated the oxygen (δ¹⁸O) and hydrogen (δD) isotope ratios of xylem water, irrigation water, soil water, and groundwater in a study of temporal patterns in water sources at two urban sites, and a study of spatial patterns at nine urban sites and one “natural” riparian forest. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that despite frequent irrigation, some trees tap into groundwater, although in most species this was a small water source. Some trees appeared to be using very shallow soil water at <30 cm depth, suggesting that these mature urban trees were quite shallowly rooted. In the natural site, trees appeared to be using urban runoff in addition to shallow soil water. We were able to identify tree uptake of precipitation at only 3 sites. The results show that some irrigated trees utilize groundwater and do not rely solely on irrigation water, which may make them able to withstand drought and/or water conservation measures. However, some irrigated trees may develop very shallow root systems, which may make them more susceptible.