归化还是异化——谈影响翻译策略选择的若干因素

归化和异化作为两种翻译方法或翻译策略,从根本上讲是在原语和译语间存在差异的基础上产生的。在翻译实践中,译者选择归化或异化的翻译策略要受到多种因素的影响,如原作文本类型、译者的语言水平、译者的翻译目的、译作读者水平、原语文化和译语文化的强弱等。多数情况下,归化论者和异化论者都努力保持一种平衡以避免走向极端。     

确定抽油杆疲劳断裂常数的一种实用统计方法

针对疲劳裂纹扩展性能的统计性质,提出了一种确定抽油杆疾劳断裂材料常数的实用方法,该方法确定出的常数位与存活率相对应,与其它方法的结论基本一致。对抽油杆疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的分布和常数c与m之问的关系作了初步脸证。     

块预处理正交极小化方法及其在水平井油藏模拟中的应用

本文介绍了4种块不完全分解ORTHOMIN加速方法,其中自然网格排序上有三种,即一、二、三级块不完全分解和D4网格排序上的一级块不完全分解,并将此方法用于水平井的油藏模拟,取得了满意的效果。     

Parenting Practices,Autonomous Motivation,and Adolescent Diet Habits

Guided by self‐determination theory, the aim of this study was to examine whether adolescents’ autonomous motivation for making healthy diet choices mediates the association between parenting practices regarding diet and adolescent food choices. We analyzed data from the NCI FLASHE study, a survey of demographically diverse parents and their adolescent children (N = 1,646 dyads). Path models supported self‐determination theory’s assertion that indirect, encouraging parenting practices fostered internal motivation; in contrast, regulation was both positively and negatively linked to motivation depending on the model. Models also yielded direct paths between parenting practices and healthy and unhealthy diet choices. Overall, regardless of what predicted motivation, adolescents’ autonomous motivation was linked with their consumption of healthier foods and drinks. As such, cultivating a sense of internal motivation during these formative years may put young people on a path toward healthy patterns of self‐regulation later in life.     

Estimation of the additive hazards model with interval-censored data and missing covariates

The additive hazards model is one of the most commonly used regression models in the analysis of failure time data and many methods have been developed for its inference in various situations. However, no established estimation procedure exists when there are covariates with missing values and the observed responses are interval-censored; both types of complications arise in various settings including demographic, epidemiological, financial, medical and sociological studies. To address this deficiency, we propose several inverse probability weight-based and reweighting-based estimation procedures for the situation where covariate values are missing at random. The resulting estimators of regression model parameters are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal. The numerical results that we report from a simulation study suggest that the proposed methods work well in practical situations. An application to a childhood cancer survival study is provided. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 48: 499–517; 2020 © 2020 Statistical Society of Canada     

Bayesian sample‐size determination methods considering both worthwhileness and unpromisingness for exploratory two‐arm randomized clinical trials with binary endpoints

A randomized exploratory clinical trial comparing an experimental treatment with a control treatment on a binary endpoint is often conducted to make a go or no‐go decision. Such an exploratory trial needs to have an adequate sample size such that it will provide convincing evidence that the experimental treatment is either worthwhile or unpromising relative to the control treatment. In this paper, we propose three new sample‐size determination methods for an exploratory trial, which utilize the posterior probabilities calculated from predefined efficacy and inefficacy criteria leading to a declaration of the worthwhileness or unpromisingness of the experimental treatment. Simulation studies, including numerical investigation, showed that all three methods could declare the experimental treatment as worthwhile or unpromising with a high probability when the true response probability of the experimental treatment group is higher or lower, respectively, than that of the control treatment group.     

老龄人的颓败与年轻人的重生:论羽田圭介的《颓败与重生》

随着日本人口老龄化的加速,老年人的护理日渐成为社会的一个关注点。羽田圭介的《颓败与重生》就是以老人护理以及由此引起的家庭内部纠葛为题材的小说。小说标题中的颓败体现在以主人公的外祖父为代表的老年人身体的衰老、病痛的侵袭以及所面临的尴尬的社会与家庭处境。而重生则表现在主人公对事业的追求、自我肉体的改造、帮助外祖父实现尊严死等方面。这部作品表征了日本社会所面临的老龄化的严峻形势及社会现实。     

德行领导对员工创新行为的影响---工作繁荣与情感承诺的作用*

研究表明,德行领导作为家长式领导的核心维度,对员工行为有重要影响,但现有研究忽视了员工工作状态的重要作用。本文基于自我决定理论,以员工工作繁荣为中介,探讨德行领导对员工创新行为的影响,并从社会认同的情感视角出发,考察了情感承诺在上述关系间的调节作用。研究表明,德行领导对员工工作繁荣与创新行为均存在显著正向影响;员工工作繁荣对其创新行为存在显著正向影响;员工工作繁荣在德行领导与创新行为之间起部分中介作用;情感承诺调节了德行领导对员工创新行为的影响,情感承诺越高,德行领导对员工创新行为的影响越显著。     

《论语》“有朋”“束脩”“忠焉”考释——兼论孔子教育思想

“有朋”之“朋”,包咸、郑玄以及《论语》早期注疏本都注为“同门”。考“有朋”章前后所论,均为对本门弟子的要求或训诫,并未涉及“友人”来访的语境,因此“友朋”之说必为抄本之误;《论语》中“朋友”出现八例,无一例作“友朋”,“友朋”组合也不见于春秋及以前文献。今译“朋”为“朋友”似是而非,因为现代汉语“朋友”已偏指“友”,没有“同门”之义,不能准确阐释原意。《述而》中“束脩”历代注为求学的见面礼,但黄式三、李泽厚等取“束带修饰”及“年十五”之说,参考敦煌、吐鲁番等出土文献整理的《唐写本〈论语郑氏注〉》残卷,可证“束脩”表示成年之说是对郑玄注的断章取义。孟子阐释“教人以善谓之忠”是“忠”在先秦的一般用义,其用法不限于臣对君或下对上;《宪问》中“忠焉”章孔子论述的教育思想,至今仍具有科学性、进步性。