苏联中亚加盟共和国走向独立的原因及影响

本文从中亚各国与俄罗斯历史关系、十月革命与中亚各国、苏联时期的民族政策、民族分离主义的产生和宗教极端主义的作用等方面 ,探讨了苏联时期中亚加盟共和国向分裂演变的主要原因 ,并就中亚各加盟共和国独立后对周边国家 ,特别是伊斯兰国家的影响提出看法 ,有助于正确认识社会主义国家边疆民族地区的特点及发展趋势。     

科研经费投入对经济增长的影响 ——以黑龙江省为例

不同领域的科研经费投入对地区GDP增长的影响程度不同,利用黑龙江省2007—2017年的地区生产总值、三大产业增加值以及科研经费支出等相关数据,首先对科学研究与开发机构经费内部支出、高等学校科技活动经费内部支出、大中型工业企业科技活动经费内部支出与三大产业的关联度进行分析,然后利用C-D生产函数具体分析各领域的科研投入对经济增长的贡献程度,最后得出科研投入与经济增长高度正相关,但具有滞后性,各领域科研投入对经济增长的贡献程度不同的结论,为黑龙江省加快建设科教强省提供实证分析支撑.     

Care managers’ perceptions of eHomecare: a qualitative interview study

To implement information and communication technology (ICT) in elderly care can be a challenge for healthcare organisations. In Sweden, care managers (CMs) are responsible for offering ICT as a new part of homecare, i.e. eHomecare. The aim of this study was to focus on CMs’ perspectives and describe their perceptions of eHomecare. The study has a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews based on vignettes were conducted with 12 CMs in a medium-sized municipality in central Sweden. Data were analysed using qualitative analysis. The findings showed that CMs are influenced by surrounding organisations and relatives in their decision to grant eHomecare. There were also difficulties in CMs’ management of eHomecare. Furthermore, eHomecare was perceived to improve the quality of everyday life for older. It is understood that the management of eHomecare is a challenging task for CMs and a complex mission. Interactions among CMs, relatives, care providers, and other factors as for example CMs’ own attitudes have an impact on CMs’ decisions.     

Children’s Descriptions of Participation Processes in Interventions for Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence

In recent years, interventions have been developed to meet the needs of children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV). This study explores and analyses processes of participation during counselling as described by 29 children who had received community-based intervention for children exposed to IPV. The results of the analysis show how participation processes in the different phases of the intervention are related to three prerequisites for children actually receiving the intervention offered, namely (1) the child getting in contact with the unit, (2) the child starting the intervention process, and, because the intervention is directed at their experiences of IPV, and (3) the child actually talking about the violence. The implications of these results are used to discuss children’s willingness and reluctance to talk about IPV during interventions in which talking about their experiences is thought to be of therapeutic value.     

Lesbian and gay individuals' path into foster parenting in Norway—Barriers and facilitators at the person and system levels

Growing numbers of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning (LGBTQ) people are becoming foster parents in several western countries. The LGBTQ perspective on the child welfare system has received little attention in practice, research and policy. Despite their increased rights, LGBTQ foster parents continue to face challenges related to fostering. Knowledge is needed on LGBTQ individual perceptions of the process of becoming foster parents, including barriers and facilitating factors. This paper reports on the experiences of 13 gay or lesbian foster parents in Norway. The study shows a lack of knowledge about the possibility of becoming foster parents due to lack of information directed at them as a minority group. Participants felt vulnerable and experienced “minority stress” before encountering the child welfare system, while mainly experienced the encounter with the staff as good and respectful. Although several valued being treated “like everyone else” by the system, others questioned why LGBTQ-specific parenting issues were not raised and discussed. Apart from lack of information, the process towards foster parenting seemed mostly hampered by participants' own assumptions that sexual identity would be a barrier and to some extent biological parents' refusal. The study suggests that foster care and child welfare services would benefit from information in recruitment of foster parents, aiming at being more inclusive. Furthermore, we address gender and sexuality diversity related to foster care work and highlight the strengths and challenges it may offer.     

Effects of psychosocial interventions on behavioural problems in youth: A close look at Cochrane and Campbell reviews

Research indicates that a number of psychosocial interventions are effective for reducing behavioural problems in youth. These interventions are now often included on best practice lists aiming to facilitate informed treatment choices among practitioners. However, analyses in neighbouring research areas have highlighted serious shortcomings in how primary studies are analysed and how studies are synthesised in research reviews. This study took a closer look at the evidence of efficacy for psychosocial interventions that aim to reduce behavioural problems in youth, as shown in systematic research reviews by the Cochrane and the Campbell Collaborations (n = 8). The findings suggest a bias towards overemphasising the efficacy of the interventions in several reviews, an over‐confidence in the validity of the findings in some reviews and, overall, a somewhat uncertain evidence base for the efficacy of the interventions. Systematic reviews are crucial for summarising research but more attention to methodological issues may be needed in this area.