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991.
992.
South Africa: Anti-Apartheid NGOs in Transition 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Habib Adam Taylor Rupert 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》1999,10(1):73-82
Under apartheid, there were an ever-increasing number of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) concerned about challenging the South African state and furthering a nonracial democratic society. In the 1990s, with the transition to an African National Congress-led democratic government, these organizations underwent profound changes. This article describes the key dynamics of this process, outlines the challenges currently confronting the new NGO sector, and concludes that the prospects for progressive NGO work in dealing with the poor and marginalized are constrained by the prevailing neoliberal economic climate. 相似文献
993.
Li H Mao LL Zhang JJ Wu Y Li A Chen J 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2012,28(1):47-68
The purpose of this study was to identify and examine the dimensions of problem gambling behaviors associated with purchasing
sports lottery in China. This was accomplished through the development and validation of the Scale of Assessing Problem Gambling
(SAPG). The SAPG was initially developed through a comprehensive qualitative research process. Research participants (N = 4,982) were Chinese residents who had purchased sports lottery tickets, who responded to a survey packet, representing
a response rate of 91.4%. Data were split into two halves, one for conducting an EFA and the other for a CFA. A five-factor
model with 19 items (Social Consequence, Financial Consequence, Harmful Behavior, Compulsive Disorder, and Depression Sign)
showed good measurement properties to assess problem gambling of sports lottery consumers in China, including good fit to
the data (RMSEA = 0.050, TLI = 0.978, and CFI = 0.922), convergent and discriminate validity, and reliability. Regression
analyses revealed that except for Depression Sign, the SAPG factors were significantly (P < 0.05) predictive of purchase behaviors of sports lottery. This study represents an initial effort to understand the dimensions
of problem gambling associated with Chinese sports lottery. The developed scale may be adopted by researchers and practitioners
to examine problem gambling behaviors and develop effective prevention and intervention procedures based on tangible evidence. 相似文献
994.
We derive Bayesian interval estimators for the differences in the true positive rates and false positive rates of two dichotomous diagnostic tests applied to the members of two distinct populations. The populations have varying disease prevalences with unverified negatives. We compare the performance of the Bayesian credible interval to the Wald interval using Monte Carlo simulation for a spectrum of different TPRs, FPRs, and sample sizes. For the case of a low TPR and low FPR, we found that a Bayesian credible interval with relatively noninformative priors performed well. We obtain similar interval comparison results for the cases of a high TPR and high FPR, a high TPR and low FPR, and of a high TPR and mixed FPR after incorporating mildly informative priors. 相似文献
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Earnings differentials between state government and private industry employees are estimated for each state using 1990 Census
data. Female employees in most state governments receive higher earnings than comparable private sector employees, whereas
the opposite result applies to males. However, the size of the state government earnings advantage or penalty is not uniform
across states for either sex. The relative earnings of state employees increase with their membership in unions and with the
revenues generated by state government’s tax and financing policies. 相似文献
999.
A general probabilistically-based approach is proposed for both cancer and noncancer risk/safety assessments. The familiar framework of the original ADI/RfD formulation is used, substituting in the numerator a benchmark dose derived from a hierarchical pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model and in the denominator a unitary uncertainty factor derived from a hierarchical animal/average human/sensitive human model. The empirical probability distributions of the numerator and denominator can be combined to produce an empirical human-equivalent distribution for an animal-derived benchmark dose in external-exposure units. 相似文献
1000.
Ticer Cindy L. Ockenfels Richard A. Devos James C. Morrell Thomas E. 《Urban Ecosystems》1998,2(2-3):141-151
In Arizona, conflicts between homeowners and urban-dwelling javelina (Tayassu tajacu) continued to increase. Human-javelina conflicts often occurred when javelina responded to urban attractants and destroyed ornamental landscapes, injured pets, and frightened homeowners. This prompted initiation of a study during 1992–93 to develop recommendations to alleviate these conflicts. We captured, radio-collared, and located eight javelina from six herds to determine home ranges, habitat use, and activity patterns in Prescott, Arizona. Urban-dwelling javelina adjusted their home ranges, habitat use, and activity patterns to best use human-provided urban food, water, and cover resources. The most conspicuous of these adjustments was the increased nocturnal activity of urban-dwelling javelina to avoid human disturbances. Undeveloped land within or adjacent to Prescott provided javelina with daytime bedding areas and nighttime travel corridors. We determined that this issue was more a people problem than it was a javelina problem. Thus, strategies to resolve the conflicts must target homeowners. 相似文献