Monitoring the metropolitanization process

Alternative approaches have led to different interpretations of the metropolitanization process in the United States. We identify and illustrate several methods and procedures for monitoring metropolitan-nonmetropolitan population change using the 1950-1980 U.S. decennial censuses. Two basic approaches are compared: constant area approaches and component methods. In addition, we assess the effects of changing metropolitan definitions on metropolitan-nonmetropolitan growth. The results clearly reveal that the underlying mechanics of metropolitanization not only are complex but have changed substantially during the 1950-1980 period. We conclude with observations regarding the use of these procedures in future research.     

Multivariate analysis of a reference collection of elm leaves

SUMMARY Analysis of leaf measurements of a reference collection of elm leaves suggests that the leaves, collected from trees which were selected by R. H. Richens as spanning the range of elm in Europe, fall into two primary groups. The first of these groups is made up of the representatives of the Wych elm (Ulmus glabra), which is known to be a distinct species. The second, larger, group is made up of an assemblage of subgroups that represent English elm (Ulmus procera), Ulmus minor and hybrids between Ulmus minor and Ulmus glabra. A minimum variance cluster analysis suggests that these subgroups are reasonably distinct, and discriminant analysis, logistic regression and a genetic algorithm are used to help identify the subgroups.     

Participatory research: Three models and an analysis

This article examines three models of participatory research: what we call the parallel process model, the mutual engagement model, and the University of Central America (UCA) model. These models represent successively greater degrees of academic engagement with outside communities—from complementary, though not necessarily uncommitted, engagement by academic(s); to compromised full engagement between the academic(s) and the community; to institutional engagement between the entire university and the community. Our analysis outlines the tensions that may arise within participatory research between service and scholarship. We conclude that for participatory research to capture the attention and involvement of the broader discipline, it must provide a spectrum of theory, methods, and substance that sociologists find of importance independent of the participatory way in which such contributions are generated. This article is based on a paper presented at the 87th Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, D.L. Lawrence Convention Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, August 20–24, 1992.     

The Maternal Characteristics Scale: a cross validation.

A device for organizing practitioners' observations, the Maternal Characteristics Scale has successfully identified traits distinguishing samples of Caucasian neglectful mothers from nonneglectful. This cross-validation tested the scale with new and more diverse samples of both mothers and practitioners. Relatedness, impulse control, confidence, and verbal accessibility were again found to be associated with vulnerability to becoming neglectful. The scale appears to be a promising diagnostic and prognostic tool in the prevention and treatment of child neglect.     

Countertransference issues for the consultant when a colleague is critically ill (or dying)

This report illustrates how countertransference issues emerged for a consultant therapist whose guidance about practice was sought by an ill and dying colleague. The detechment necessary for consultation was difficult to maintain. Denial, avoidance, and isolation operated for both. Ambivalence about directive behavior developed. Unexpressed grief, shock, feelings of inadequacy, and identification with the colleague intruted but were managed. The occurrence of such countertransference phenomena can be anticipated and understood in a consultation process that represents one valuable, underutilized, and important means of encouraging quality clinical practice under extremely painful circumstances.