Not by Rent Alone: Analysing the Pro‐Poor Functions of Small‐Scale Fisheries in Developing Countries

The dominant view in academic and policy arenas is increasingly one in which the major contribution of capture fisheries to development should be derived from the capacity of society to maximise the economic rent of fishery resources. Drawing upon empirical experience from the South, this article highlights the potentially disastrous consequences that a universal implementation of the rent‐maximisation model would have in developing countries, and argues that a more gradual approach would be preferable. The welfare function of small‐scale fisheries, namely, their capacities to provide labour and cash income to resource‐poor households, should be preserved until the appropriate macroeconomic conditions for rent‐maximisation and redistribution are fulfilled.     

Self‐policing and reinforcement as alternatives to government regulation for quality assurance in research

The issue of government regulation of scientific research exists in the context of an increasingly litigious society and a growing reliance on legal contracts in lieu of informal agreements. These trends suggest regulation of research may intensify in the absence of countermeasures by the researchers themselves. This paper explores the possibility that increased or altered discipline within the research community itself could result in sufficient quality control to obviate the need for increased government regulation. Possible actions are suggested for program managers, for universities, and for researchers.     

A THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARD SEX EDUCATION

Rates of teen pregnancy in the United States are significantly higher than those in most other industrialized nations. This is troubling in light of the consequences to teen mothers, their children, and society. Some suggest that teen pregnancies can be decreased by providing sex education in the public school system, while others believe that sex education is inappropriate for public school. Little research exists, however, on predictors of attitudes toward sex education, and most existing research is dated and lacks a theoretical framework. Guided by the seminal work of Ira L. Reiss, we examine the impact of labor shortages, religiosity, militarism, gender egalitarianism, regulation of sexuality, and a naturalistic view of sexuality on attitudes toward sex education. Results suggest that Hispanics, those with high levels of religiosity, and those who supported regulation of sexuality were significantly less likely to support sex education in public schools. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.     

Research and Identity: Role-efficacy,Benchmarking, and the Identity Construction Process

Abstract

In the spring of 2016, university students with little to no research experience volunteered to assist with surveying for a larger project on college success. Volunteers discussed their field experiences through written statements and semistructured interviews. Eighty log sheets and 14 in-depth interviews serve as the qualitative data for this study. We followed Braun and Clarke’s (2006) Thematic Analysis approach and reviewed the log sheets for key themes. Based on the initial analysis, semistructured standpoint interviews with student volunteers explored the development of a nascent research-based identity. Findings suggest that students’ research-based identity construction was a process that moved from low role-efficacy to emerging role-efficacy through the use of benchmarking and justification strategies that helped overcome negative emotions surrounding an initial sense of low role-efficacy with survey research tasks. We discuss how identity construction unfolded over time and suggest implications for this research.     

Verbal Mistreatment of the Elderly

Elder mistreatment is expected to rise with the aging of the American population. To date, the association between specific forms of mistreatment and decreased quality of life is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to explore the association between verbal mistreatment among elderly individuals and depression and quality of life. A sample of 142 older adults (40% male) aged 65 or over was enrolled from a large medical practice and academic dental practice, mean (SD) age = 74.88 (6.98) years. Thirty-eight percent of the sample reported verbal mistreatment. Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and depression, verbal mistreatment was a significant predictor of social functioning (r = –.28, p < .001), mental health (r = –.25, p < .001), and role limitations OR = 3.02, 95% CI [1.34–6.77]. The present findings highlight the prevalence of verbal mistreatment of elderly individuals.     

Personal Brand in Online Advertisements: Comparing White and Brazilian Male Sex Workers

Abstract

We examine marketing strategies used by Brazilian and white American male sex workers in their online advertisements and the degree to which ethnicity is emphasized as an aspect of personal branding. The results show that both groups emphasize similar aspects that are important in the sex trade, particularly their physical attributes, although emphasis and details vary. The results also suggest that male sex workers are cognizant of ethnic and racial preferences or fetishes and use them to enhance marketability in their online advertisements.