Procesos escabrosos en Psicología Social: el concepto de norma perversa

Resumen

Se analiza el peso relativo del nivel de violencia marital observada, y de la responsabilidad atribuida a los progenitors por sus conflictos, en la predicción de la violencia de pareja. De esta forma, se estudia el papel de la interpretación de la experiencia violenta en el proceso de transmisión. La investigación se llevó a cabo con sesenta parejas de universitarios. Los resultados confirman la importancia de la responsabilidad que se atribuye a los progenitores en la predicción de la transmisión de la violencia de pareja. Asimismo, sugieren que una interpretación de la violencia interparental más favorable al progenitor del mismo sexo sitúa a los hijos en una situación de mayor riesgo.     

Measuring warmth and competence at inter-group,interpersonal and individual levels / Medición de la cordialidad y la competencia en los niveles intergrupal,interindividual e individual

Abstract

Warmth and competence are universal dimensions of social perception that articulate the perception of other individuals and social groups. However, there are no scales that have systematically been used in psychosocial research. The purpose of this study is to construct two scales, one on warmth and another on competence, which could be used at the inter-group, interpersonal and individual levels. To accomplish this, we performed two studies. In Study I (N = 578 students and N = 540 general population), we tested the scales at the intergroup level (immigrant groups and Spaniards), the interpersonal level (people close to the participants) and the individual level (the participants themselves). In Study 2 (N = 184 students), the two scales were tested at an interpersonal level by evaluating 16 public figures. The results of both studies show that both the warmth scale (kind, pleasant, friendly, warm) and the competence scale (competent, effective, skilled, intelligent) achieved a high degree of reliability when reflecting the perception of groups, individuals and oneself.     

Personal identity and social identity: two different processes or a single one? / Identidad personal e identidad social. ¿Dos procesos diferentes o uno solo?

Abstract

Personal identity, or the definition of oneself in terms of personal idiosyncratic attributes, and social identity, or the definition of oneself in terms of affiliations with different categories or groups, have often been examined as two separate phenomena in the psychosocial literature. However, there are at least two theories which have deliberately researched the relationship between the two. One of these theories has done so for almost five decades (Social Identity Theory), while the alternative approach (Identity Fusion, or the visceral sense of oneness with the group) began to be developed less than one decade ago. The purpose of this special issue is to survey how approaches grounded upon both theories have attempted to explain some individuals’ extreme behaviours for their group. It also includes studies that examine the origins of identity fusion, the processes that relate it with extreme behaviour (such as the extension of familial ties to groups or the acceptance of violence), as well as a subtle demonstration of how group identity can affect interpersonal relationships.     

Assessing Student Staff Motivation and Satisfaction to Strengthen Health Education Services

Abstract

A student staff inquiry project in the department of health education at a large state university assessed the motivation and satisfaction of student staff and peer educators. The students who managed this Student Inquiry Project created the interview tool, collected and analyzed the data for themes, and developed follow-up recommendations. Through this student-driven qualitative process, several themes emerged, including the need for more department visibility, student opportunities, student identity, skill building, and appreciation. The department is using the recommendations to strengthen student connection, satisfaction, and training.     

谢赫·尤苏夫·盖尔达维:领袖型的伊斯兰学者

尤苏夫·盖尔达维是“伊斯兰中间主义”思潮的重要代表人物之一,他认为中间主义介于唯心论和唯物论、理想主义和现实主义、理性主义和感伤主义、个人主义和集体主义、固化与发展之间,是物质与精神、权利与责任、经典文本与个人解释、遵循传统与憧憬未来之间的一个绝好平衡.本文从西方人的角度介绍了尤苏夫·盖尔达维的生平、宗教领袖地位以及他的伊斯兰中间主义思想和他对西方的观点.     

The New Policy on Hyperandrogenism in Elite Female Athletes is Not About “Sex Testing”

In April 2011, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) updated their regulations regarding elite female athletes with hyperandrogenism: Women whose testosterone levels crossed into the male range could not compete with other women unless it was shown that they are resistant to the effects of testosterone. Although the new rule is a marked improvement over past attempts to ensure that men were not trying to compete as women in elite competition, several criticisms have been leveled against the new regulations. Here we offer our reactions to claims that the new regulation promotes a sex-verification test, claims that intersex athletes will automatically be disqualified from competition, and proposals to either divide athletes based on variables beyond sex or completely eliminate sex groupings. Although elite sports can never achieve a perfectly level playing field, there should be parameters to which athletes must conform for a given sport. Yet elite athletes themselves should play a decisive role in what is best for their sport.     

Global Dramas in the Midwest Metropolis: Representations,Dilemmas, and Decisions about Violence among Bosnian Refugees in Chicago

This article examines American popular media forms and discussions among three generations of Bosnian refugee-immigrants to the United States (2003–2008) and finds that public presentations conflated Bosnian experiences of civil and domestic conflict. This conflation was made possible in part through a lens refracted by Orientalist and balkanist frames and acted as a powerful filter mediating immigrants' awareness of their statuses in the United States. Women acknowledged gendered family violence as a problem, but they sourced these conflicts to institutions of war and the challenges of local labor markets, rather than rely on culturalist explanations. By focusing on the overlap and disconnect among American public spheres and immigrant private spheres, I demonstrate the need for immigrant studies that attend to the circulation of global representations and to the localized ways in which such frameworks inform migration experiences.     

Use of visitors’ perception in urban reserves in the Buenos Aires metropolis

Urban nature reserves (UR’s) fulfill unique functions for society and are irreplaceable, satisfying human needs particularly in urban and periurban areas. The aim of this paper was to use a perception based approach to analyze whether the urban nature reserves in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, Argentina were principally used by visitors according to their main conservation mission. Five hundred written surveys designed to evaluate users’ profile and their perceptions of the selected reserves were conducted during the summer of 2009 to visitors selected at random. Collected data was analyzed by multivariate analyses. The results discriminated two groups (1 and 2) of reserves showing that people chose to visit a nature reserve for two contrasting motivations: the contemplation of nature (group 1) or active recreation (group 2). Both groups of reserves, the respondents participated in environmental programs. All respondents knew about plants whereas knowledge of the fauna was related to the visitors’ level of education. In all reserves respondents considered that nature enhance the quality of human life in the first place, and valued biodiversity en second place. Visitors in group 1 considered nature as very important, while respondents in group 2 thought that is important as a place for having fun. Our findings can potentially assist administrators to understand better how visitors perceive the reserves.