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901.
Angela Loxham 《Journal of historical sociology》2013,26(4):552-575
This article contributes to scholarship on liberal governance during the nineteenth century through the much‐neglected area of the public park. Using Preston as a case study, it seeks to answer why parks were considered necessary, but also to argue for the need to understand micro‐level issues that determined their precise formation and governance. In line with this, attention is paid to how space was orchestrated to encourage self‐regulation, and the elite appropriation of this space to bolster the fragile social order that industrialisation had engendered in the town. Finally attention is paid to the outcome of this, and the ways in which people could enjoy the park, without internalising the intended norms. 相似文献
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905.
Laura R. Hartman Lilian Magalhães Angela Mandich 《Journal of divorce & remarriage》2013,54(7):490-518
Parental divorce in North America and the resulting changes to the traditional family unit as seen in current academic literature are troubling. These changes are especially worrisome as they relate to adolescent life and development. This scoping review examines the past 11 years of North American English language literature concerning adolescents who have experienced parental divorce. Literature was taken from health-related databases using the search terms adolescent and divorce. The resulting articles were analyzed and pared down to 53 papers that adhered to predetermined criteria. Analysis revealed trends in how the studies are conducted as well as seven themes throughout the literature. The authors suggest future research directions based on the trends, themes, and found knowledge gaps in the recent literature. 相似文献
906.
Angela Abela Claire Casha Manwel Debono Mary Anne Lauri 《Journal of divorce & remarriage》2013,54(5):369-387
This study investigated the attitudes about remarriage of married and previously married Maltese people. Respondents were selected using stratified random sampling; 810 men and 1,196 women answered a questionnaire by means of computer-assisted telephone interviewing. The majority (67.4%) of respondents did not consider remarriage. Remarriage was more likely to be considered by respondents who were younger, previously married, nonparents, had children who were not all born within marriage, and were of higher socioeconomic status. The study highlights the differences in attitude according to gender and marital status. The fact that pro-remarriage attitudes were endorsed by 32.6% of respondents and that these were more likely to come from nontraditional family forms suggests that family life in Malta is no longer dictated by normative social imperatives. The need for the legal protection of families headed by cohabiting partners is highlighted. 相似文献
907.
Angela Hovey Carol A. Stalker Candice L. Schachter Eli Teram Gerri Lasiuk 《Journal of child sexual abuse》2013,22(1):37-57
This pilot study was conducted to examine older child molestation victims' self-report of their long-term psychological adjustment at least 12 months after the date of their initial clinic evaluation. Female participants were assesed using the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale, Children's Depression Inventory, and the Hopelessness Scale which were also administered during their first evaluation. T-ratios revealed that scores on all measures, including five of the six Piers-Harris subscales showed significant improvement. The high rate of noncompliance associated with this population is also discussed in terms of removal from the home, type of abuse, and age of the perpetrator. 相似文献
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909.
Jonathan Parke Robert J. Williams Peter Schofield 《International Gambling Studies》2013,13(3):508-531
ABSTRACTPsychological needs are satisfied through leisure participation, which in turn influences subjective well-being. The present study explored the psychological needs reported to be satisfied through gambling participation and examined associations between need satisfaction, game preferences and subjective well-being. A heterogeneous, self-selected sample of 1446 participants was recruited, through the Internet gambling provider Kindred Group Plc, for an online questionnaire survey. Five psychological need dimensions of gambling were identified, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on calibration and validation samples, respectively: mastery, detachment, self-affirmation, risk and excitement, and affiliation. Challenge and mastery need satisfaction was higher for poker than for sports betting, horse racing, slots or casino table games; both self-affirmation and affiliation were also higher for poker than for sports betting and slots. By comparison, detachment was higher for slots than for sports gambling. While there were no significant variations in stress levels between the different forms of gambling, happiness ratings were lower for slots compared with sports betting and poker. This study provides insight into how distinctive patterns of play may satisfy different psychological needs and provides preliminary insights into how gambling patterns may prove adaptive or maladaptive as leisure choices. 相似文献
910.
Angela M. Crack 《Globalizations》2013,10(2):293-308
Numerous attempts have been made to remedy the accountability deficits of international non-governmental organisations (INGOs). The ‘first wave’ of accountability reforms was largely driven by powerful stakeholders such as donors and governments. An accountability culture subsequently emerged that reflected the preferences of these agents, rather than the responsibility of the INGO to abide by its mission. The ‘second wave’ of reforms acknowledged that INGOs incur a broad range of accountability responsibilities to beneficiaries, members, staff, and peer organisations. These measures have not been sufficient to promote reflective practice driven by discourse with those closest to the mission. It is argued that there is a need for a ‘third wave’ of accountability reforms, which reinforces the responsibilities of INGOs towards the communities that they purport to serve. INGOs should embrace a critically reflective accountability culture that addresses ways in which communication with their so-called ‘beneficiaries’ is distorted by unequal power relations. Se han hecho numerosos intentos para remediar los déficits en la rendición de cuentas de las organizaciones no gubernamentales internacionales (INGOs, por sus siglas en inglés). La ‘primera ola’ de reformas a la rendición de cuentas se habían manejado por protagonistas poderosos tales como donantes y gobiernos. Una cultura de rendición de cuentas surgió subsecuentemente, que reflejaba las preferencias de estos agentes, en vez de la responsabilidad de la INGO de atenerse a su misión. La ‘segunda ola’ de reformas reconoce que los INGOs incurren en un rango amplio de responsabilidades de rendición de cuentas a los beneficiarios, miembros, personal y organizaciones paralelas. Estas medidas no han sido suficientes para promover una práctica reflexiva impulsada por discusiones con aquellos más cercanos a la misión. Se sostiene que hay una necesidad por una ‘tercera ola’ de reformas de rendición de cuentas, que refuerza las responsabilidades de los INGOs hacia las comunidades a las que pretenden servir. Los INGOs deberían abarcar una cultura de rendición de cuentas críticamente reflexiva que trata maneras en las que la comunicación con sus así llamados ‘beneficiarios’ está distorsionada por las relaciones de poderes desiguales. 人们进行了多种努力以图弥补国际非政府组织(INGOs)的责任赤字。责任改革的“第一次浪潮”主要由权力很大的诸如捐助者和政府等各种利害攸关方所驱动。随之兴起的责任文化反映了这些机构的偏好,却不是国际非政府组织遵命的责任。改革的“第二次浪潮”承认,对受益人、成员、工作人员和同行组织,INGOs 招致广泛的责任。这些措施尚不足以促进那些由最接近使命的话语所驱动的反思实践。有人主张“第三次浪潮”责任改革的必要性,此种改革可以加强INGOs针对他们声称服务的各种社区的责任。INGOs 应该乐意接受批评性反思的责任文化。这种文化致力于各种方式与方法。而在这些方式方法中,与所谓的“受益者”进行的沟通因不平等的权力关系而扭曲。 ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????. ????? "?????? ??????" ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????. ????? "?????? ???????" ?? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????. ??? ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????. ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? "???? ?????" ?? ????????? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????. ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? "?????????"? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????. ?? ??????(INGOs)?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ??? ‘? ?? ??’? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????. ??? ???? INGOs? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????. ??? ??? ‘? ?? ??’? INGOs? ??? ?? ??, ??, ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????. ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???. ??? ??? ‘? ?? ??’? ????, ??? INGOs? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???. INGOs? ??? ‘????’?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??. Были предприняты многочисленные попытки исправить дефицит ответственности международных неправительственных организаций (МНПО). “Первую волну” реформ ответственности в основном вели влиятельные заинтересованные лица, такие как дарители и правительства. Культура ответственности впоследствии появилась, отражая предпочтения этих агентов, а не обязанность МНПО соблюдать свою миссию. “Вторая волна” реформ показала, что МНПО несет широкий диапазон обязанностей и ответственности перед бенефициариями, персоналом и аналогичными организациями. Эти меры не были достаточны, чтобы продвинуть рефлексивную практику, которая обусловлена дискурсом с самыми близкими к миссии. Утверждается, что есть потребность в “третьей волне” реформ ответственности, которая укрепит обязанности МНПО перед сообществами, которым они призваны служить. МНПО должны критически охватить рефлексивную культуру ответственности, которая обращается к способам, где коммуникация с так называемыми “бенефициантами” искажена неравным соотношением сил. 相似文献