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991.
Samanthia Zolnoski Ann Michele Stacks Amy Kohl-Hanlon Tina A. Dykehouse 《Journal of social service research》2013,39(4):515-528
ABSTRACT Home visitation programs to prevent child maltreatment are offered in many communities. Agencies in these communities want to help families in need while under increased pressure to provide effective services. Funding is limited and competitive; some agencies might choose to limit funds spent on supervision, training, and evaluation as a way to provide more direct service. In this article, we use an implementation science framework and the results of an evaluation of a small home visitation program to underscore the importance of ongoing training and supervision, attention to fidelity, and program evaluation. The evaluation included 17 families entering the program during 21 months. Evaluators visited families in their homes at the beginning of the program and again 10 months later. Like many other well-intended, small-scale programs, this one “borrowed” from evidence-based models and expanded enrollment criteria in an attempt to better serve families. Findings from the evaluation suggest that the program, as it was carried out, was not effective at reducing parenting behaviors known to be associated with child maltreatment. We offer advice to funding and community agencies based on these findings and implementation science. Future evaluation research must pay greater attention to fidelity and implementation. 相似文献
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993.
Using data from a daily diary study of hourly hotel employees in the US and their children, this study examined links between youth supervision arrangements and maternal worry while at work, examining both differences between individuals and day-to-day variation within individuals. Multilevel model analyses revealed both between- and within-person effects linking youth supervision to maternal worry. Mothers’ partner status functioned as moderator, and maternal knowledge also emerged as a protective factor when youth were in self-care, highlighting a potential target for future work–family interventions, particularly those for hourly employees with limited access to family-friendly workplace policies. 相似文献
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995.
Temple registers in a remote area of central Japan are used to produce a portrait of mortality change over a period of nearly two centuries. This portrait is most remarkable in showing a near-stability in life expectancy at birth between 30 and 40 years until the middle of the twentieth century. This stability was to some extent a product of offsetting trends. Infant and child mortality declined sharply after 1885, coinciding with a major national effort to vaccinate against smallpox. At the same time, mortality was rising at ages 15–29 as industrialization brought increased exposure to tuberculosis. Both these trends are likely to have been shared throughout much of rural Japan. 相似文献
996.
This paper draws on a comparative case study of the implementation of a planned change initiative across three different divisions of a multidivisional oil company to investigate the influences guiding division‐level change agents in their choice of a change management approach and the impact of different approaches on change outcomes. While the contingency perspective suggests that change management approaches should be chosen to fit with change content and context, we found that change agents navigated amongst three concerns: substantive concerns related to goal attainment, political concerns related to conformity to corporate demands, and relational concerns concerning relations with employees. We identified three different change management trajectories across the three divisions based on alternative ways of balancing the concerns. The data show that, regardless of the change management approach adopted, change tends to be diluted in implementation. However, the various trajectories have differential consequences for other important dimensions such as corporate approval and relationships with employees. 相似文献
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In many studies examining the progression of HIV and other chronic diseases, subjects are periodically monitored to assess
their progression through disease states. This gives rise to a specific type of panel data which have been termed “chain-of-events
data”; e.g. data that result from periodic observation of a progressive disease process whose states occur in a prescribed
order and where state transitions are not observable. Using a discrete time semi-Markov model, we develop an algorithm for
nonparametric estimation of the distribution functions of sojourn times in a J state progressive disease model. Issues of uniqueness for chain-of-events data are not well-understood. Thus, a main goal
of this paper is to determine the uniqueness of the nonparametric estimators of the distribution functions of sojourn times
within states. We develop sufficient conditions for uniqueness of the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator, including
situations where some but not all of its components are unique. We illustrate the methods with three examples. 相似文献
1000.
Ann Marie Thomson Antoinette R. Smith-Tolken Anthony V. Naidoo Robert G. Bringle 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2011,22(2):214-237
One of the presumptions of a well-functioning, viable democracy is that citizens participate in the life of their communities
and nation. The role of higher education in forming actively engaged citizens has long been the focus of scholarly research,
but recently an active debate has emerged concerning the role of service as a third core function of institutions of higher
learning. Service learning (SL), a teaching approach that extends student learning beyond the classroom, is increasingly seen
as a vehicle to realize this third core function. By aligning educational objectives with community partners’ needs, community
service is meant to enhance, among other objectives, reciprocal learning. Although the term and its associated activities
originated in the United States (US), theoretical debates linking civic engagement and education extend far beyond the US
context. Nevertheless, research on SL as a distinctive pedagogical approach remains a nascent field. A significant gap exists
in the literature about what this pedagogical approach seeks to achieve (in nature and in outcomes) and how it is construed
in non-western contexts. Using a comparative analysis across three widely different contexts, this article explores the extent
to which these differences are merely differences in degree or whether the differences are substantive enough to demand qualitatively
different models for strengthening the relationship between higher education and civil society. 相似文献