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211.
A population's growth potential is significantly underestimated by conventional calculations of population momentum which assume an immediate drop to replacement level fertility. Here we assume that the growth rate of births linearly declines to zero over a specified time interval, and find simple and intuitively meaningful expressions for the size of the ultimate birth cohort and the resultant population momentum. In particular, we find that the increase in the number of births over the transition is equal to growth at the initial rate for half the time needed to attain a constant birth level. Thus our formula readily calculates the growth potential of a population under a gradual approach to stationarity without the need for a numerical projection. Calculations for actual and hypothetical populations are presented to show the demographic impact of such gradual approaches to zero growth. 相似文献
212.
This study makes use of the National Family Health Survey of 1998‐99 to investigate whether differences in women's autonomy can explain much of the relationship between education and contraceptive use among married Indian women with at least one child. The analyses show that a woman's education does not influence her contraceptive use through a strengthening of her position in relation to that of men, but that the inclusion of a simple indicator of her general knowledge reduces education effects appreciably. Further, the average educational level of other women in the census‐enumeration area has an effect on a woman's contraceptive use above and beyond that of her own education. This effect cannot be explained by the specific indicators of autonomy, but can to some extent be explained by the son preference of the community. The latter is a more general autonomy indicator that may also pick up other contextual factors. 相似文献
213.
Kimberly A. Schonert-Reichl Martin Guhn Anne M. Gadermann Shelley Hymel Lina Sweiss Clyde Hertzman 《Social indicators research》2013,114(2):345-369
Few instruments provide reliable and valid data on child well-being and contextual assets during middle childhood, using children as informants. The authors developed a population-level, self-report measure of school-aged children’s well-being and assets—the Middle Years Development Instrument (MDI)—and examined its reliability and validity. The MDI was designed to assess child well-being inside and outside of school on five dimensions: (1) Social and emotional development, (2) Connectedness to peers and to adults at school, at home, and in the neighborhood, (3) School experiences, (4) Physical health and well-being, and (5) Constructive use of time after school. This paper describes the theoretical framework, selection of items and scales for the survey, and four studies that were conducted to revise the MDI and examine its psychometric properties. The findings indicate a theoretically predicted factor structure, high internal consistency, and document the convergent and discriminant validity of the MDI scales. The discussion delineates a plan for future validation studies that address further validity questions, such as predictive validity, measurement invariance, and fairness/bias, and provides a brief outlook of how the MDI may be used by practitioners, educators, and decision makers in schools and communities to motivate and inform action in support children’s well-being. 相似文献
214.
ABSTRACTOur study examines explanations for the “paradox” of older women’s better emotional well-being compared with younger women. We consider the role of subjective experiences of aging in a society that devalues older women. Using a sample of women (n = 872) from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (1995–1996 and 2004–2006), we examine the role of five components of the subjective experience of aging in explaining older women’s better emotional well-being compared with younger women: age identity, conceptions of the timing of middle age, aging attitudes, aging anxieties, and self-assessed physiological changes. We find that, compared with women 50–54 years old, those 35–39 years old report lower positive affect, and those 25–49 report higher negative affect. These patterns are partially explained by younger women’s greater anxiety about declines in health and attractiveness and older women’s more youthful identities. Our study underscores the value of considering the implications of our ageist and sexist society for women’s emotional well-being across adulthood. 相似文献
215.
216.
Research on body image and older women has grown in the past decade. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding body image, older women, and countertransference. This article provides 7 case examples of racially and ethnically diverse women over 60, drawn from MSW student and agency staff supervision, and participant feedback from a national conference on aging workshop. Themes related to loss and grief, adult daughter and aging mother issues, incest, anger, disability, personality disorders, phobic reactions, and shame are discussed. Recommendations and implications for social work practice, education and research are provided. 相似文献
217.
Kristin R. Baughman Julie Aultman Susan Hazelett Barbara Palmisano Anne O'Neill Ruth Ludwick 《Journal of gerontological social work》2013,56(8):721-737
To better understand how community-based long-term care providers define advance care planning and their role in the process, we conducted 8 focus groups with 62 care managers (social workers and registered nurses) providing care for Ohio's Medicaid waiver program. Care managers shared that most consumers had little understanding of advance care planning. The care managers defined it broadly, including legal documentation, social aspects, medical considerations, ongoing communication, and consumer education. Care managers saw their roles as information providers, healthcare team members, and educators/coaches. Better education, resources, and coordination are needed to ensure that consumer preferences are realized. 相似文献
218.
Anne R. Roschelle 《Gender Issues》2008,25(3):193-209
Using data collected during a 4 year ethnography, this paper examines how the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity
Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) has impacted homeless women in San Francisco who are also victims of domestic violence. Specifically
this paper looks at how the behavior of abusive men prevents homeless women from successfully navigating the new welfare-to-work
requirements and maintaining stable employment. Findings indicate that despite the discourse touting the success of welfare
reform, the 1996 PRWORA has further disenfranchised an already devastated population systematically forcing them further onto
the margins of society.
Anne R. Roschelle is an Associate Professor and Chair of the Sociology Department at the State University of New York at New Paltz. Her research and teaching interests include family poverty, racial ethnic minorities, gender inequality, ethnography, and welfare reform. 相似文献
Anne R. RoschelleEmail: |
Anne R. Roschelle is an Associate Professor and Chair of the Sociology Department at the State University of New York at New Paltz. Her research and teaching interests include family poverty, racial ethnic minorities, gender inequality, ethnography, and welfare reform. 相似文献
219.
Quality of Web-based Information on Pathological Gambling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Khazaal Y Chatton A Cochand S Jermann F Osiek C Bondolfi G Zullino D 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(3):357-366
The present study aims to evaluate the quality of web-based information on gambling and to investigate potential content quality
indicators. The following key words: gambling, pathological gambling, excessive gambling, gambling problem and gambling addiction
were entered into two popular search engines: Google and Yahoo. Websites were assessed with a standardized proforma designed
to rate sites on the basis of “accountability”, “presentation”, “interactivity”, “readability” and “content quality”. “Health
on the Net” (HON) quality label, and DISCERN scale scores aiding people without content expertise to assess quality of written
health publication were used to verify their efficiency as quality indicators. Of the 200 links identified, 75 websites were
included. The results of the study indicate low scores on each of the measures. A composite global score appeared as a good
content quality indicator. While gambling-related education websites for patients are common, their global quality is poor.
There is a need for useful evidence-based information about gambling on the web. As the phenomenon has greatly increased,
it could be relevant for Internet sites to improve their content by using global score as a quality indicator. 相似文献
220.
Joëlle Darwiche Anne Milek Jean-Philippe Antonietti Yvan Vial 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2019,32(2):e264-e271