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71.
Ramsbottom R Ambler A Potter J Jordan B Nevill A Williams C 《Journal of aging and physical activity》2004,12(4):497-510
Where strength training has been used in conjunction with functional-task training in older people, not only have there been improvements in leg strength but also improved function has been measured (e.g., Skelton & McLaughlin, 1996). Many studies use participants from care homes rather than community dwellers. We investigated changes in leg power, balance, and functional mobility in community-dwelling sedentary men and women over 70 years of age (n = 6 for training group [TR]; n = 10 for control group [CN]). Progressive training took place over 24 weeks using seated and nonseated exercise. For TR, leg power increased 40%, from 108 +/- 40 to 141 +/- 53 W (p < .01); dynamic balance increased 48%, from 22.3 +/- 7.9 to 33.1 +/- 6.1 cm (p < .01; functional reach); and functional mobility increased 12%, from 7.46 +/- 1.32 to 6.54 +/- 1.41 s (p < .05; timed walk). CN showed no significant change. In conclusion, a community-based exercise program led to large improvements in leg-extensor power, dynamic balance, and functional mobility. 相似文献
72.
Adolescence is the segment of the life course when gender differences in mental health emerge and gender becomes a more salient factor shaping orientations toward oneself and views of one's place in the social world. This study uses mixture modeling, to identify trajectories of masculinity and femininity between ages 12 and 25, and OLS regression, to examine the effects of those trajectories on mental health in young adulthood (measured as depressive symptoms and alcohol problems at age 25). Four waves of prospective data from the Rutgers Health and Human Development Project are used; respondents (n = 447) are age 12 at Wave 1 (1979-81), 15 at Wave 2 (1982-84), 18 at Wave 3 (1985-87), and 25 at Wave 4 (1992-94). Results indicate that having relatively high and increasing levels of masculinity over adolescence decreases depressive symptoms in early adulthood for both males and females. Reflecting the privileging of males over females, the findings suggest that masculinity, but not femininity, is a central axis on which advantages and disadvantages across some dimensions of mental health accumulate over adolescence. 相似文献
73.
1. Surgically or chemically induced premature menopause is a life transition characterized by a situational crisis superimposed on a developmental crisis. 2. After surgically or chemically induced premature menopause, women's self-concept shifts and evolves through an interactive or relational process. 3. Nurses can use crisis management to increase women's understanding of the physiological and psychological dimensions of premature menopause, facilitate their links with community support systems, and strengthen their existing social networks. 4. Effective crisis intervention approaches include structuring, verbalizing, clarifying, normalizing, and supporting. 相似文献
74.
The present study examined the impact of domestic violence on maternal and infant health by assessing maternal health during pregnancy and infant health at two months postpartum. Two hundred and two women (68 battered and 134 non-battered) were recruited from the community and completed both pregnancy and 2-month postpartum interviews. Results revealed that domestic violence during pregnancy was associated with numerous health problems for mothers and infants including more health problems during pregnancy, more likelihood of premature labor, later entrance into prenatal care, lower infant birth weight, greater utilization of health care resources, and more prenatal substance use. After income was controlled, the relationship between violence and timing of prenatal care and infant birth weight became nonsignificant. Maternal social support was found to protect against the effects of violence for several health outcomes. The current findings suggest the need for domestic violence screening during pregnancy, as well as clinical interventions for battered, pregnant women in order to prevent serious physical and emotional problems for both mothers and their infants. 相似文献
75.
76.
This article aims to study the substitution of parental time between the mother and the father. Taking the “experience” of
unemployment as a release from the time constraint, we analyse time transfers between partners in such a situation. A bivariate
Tobit model is applied on the French time-use data. It shows that parents quite rarely substitute the time devoted to children
between each other, except for child transportation and childcare. Parents do not want to relinquish their parental activities,
a fact which reflects their desire to contribute to the children’s education, and the contribution of parental time to the
balance of power between spouses. Exchanges remain asymmetric: non-employed fathers release less their partner from parental
tasks than unemployed mothers do, which reflects the weight of gender social norms. 相似文献
77.
Multi-attribute utility methods in group decision making: Past applications and potential for inclusion in GDSS 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This paper reviews a variety of studies in which multi-attribute utility theory (MAU) has been used successfully to aid group decision processes and discusses the incorporation of MAU in Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS). GDSS of various levels of automation have been proposed to aid group decision making. A number of commercial GDSSs are available which are capable of aiding generation of alternatives, their evaluation, and selection. Many authors have promoted the incorporation of quantitative decision making models in GDSS. The most appropriate quantitative tool for GDSS is MAU, but MAU has rarely been utilized. The cases reviewed illustrate that the use of MAU techniques is not prohibitively difficult or complex. 相似文献
78.
79.
Lisa Strohschein Anne H. Gauthier Rachel Campbell Clayton Kleparchuk 《Journal of marriage and the family》2008,70(3):670-683
In this paper, we tested the resource dilution hypothesis, which posits that, because parenting resources are finite, the addition of a new sibling depletes parenting resources for other children in the household. We estimated growth curve models on the self‐reported parenting practices of mothers using four waves of data collected biennially between 1994 and 2000 on a nationally representative sample of 2,082 Canadian children aged 2 to 5 at initial interview and in continuously intact, two‐biological‐parent households. Results showed that when new children were added to the household, mothers exhibited declines in positive interaction, but increased their levels of consistent parenting. Taken together, these findings suggested that parenting resources were reallocated, rather than diluted, when family size increased. 相似文献
80.
G. Anne Bogat Belle Liang Rosa M. Rigol-Dahn 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》2008,25(4):325-341
A qualitative analysis of 51 matches between volunteer mentors and pregnant adolescents is discussed in terms of problems
that occurred and reasons relating to early termination of the match. In each of three stages of the relationship, different
issues related to the behavior and interpersonal process between members of the match created problems. In stage one, the
mentors had difficulty establishing the match when there was avoidance, distrust, and testing behavior on the part of the
mentee. Fear of intimacy and rejection seemed to underlie these relationship difficulties. In stage two, which encompassed
the birth of the adolescent’s child, conflict occurred when mentees’ demands overwhelmed the mentors. In the third stage,
difficulties discussing termination or continuation of the relationship led to disengagement and less frequent contact. Recommendations
are provided to help mentors and mentees navigate the problems in each of these stages. 相似文献