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91.
Factors Preventing Gridlock in Chilean Couples’ Relationships Based on the Discourse of Couples Therapists and Highly Adjusted Couples
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Luis Tapia‐Villanueva María Elisa Molina Carolina Aspillaga Claudia Cruzat Ximena Pereira Gianella Poulsen Patricia Sotomayor Iván Armijo 《Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy》2014,35(4):462-478
The term gridlock describes the occurrence of rigid patterns in couples’ conflict. This study aimed to describe strategies of conflict resolution and gridlock prevention from the perspectives of couples and couple therapists. Participants were couple therapists and highly adjusted couples scored by the dyadic adjustment scale (DAS), distributed according to traditional and non‐traditional position in life and duration of relationships. Conflict gridlock scenarios were used to create video stimulus that were presented to participants. A qualitative methodology was used to analyse couples’ and therapists’ commentaries on the scenarios. Results showed differences in preventing conflict gridlock among sub‐groups of couples. Long‐term traditional couples focused on loyalty to a common project and value sacrificing to a higher good; long‐term non‐traditional couples prioritised caring and validating the bond in the relationship. Short‐term traditional couples focused on mutual love and the relief of hurt while short‐term non‐traditional couples supported the value of equity. 相似文献
92.
María José Suárez 《Review of Economics of the Household》2013,11(4):545-561
This paper aims to analyze household decisions regarding the childcare of young children. We present two specifications. The first one assumes a sequential decision process. Firstly, parents choose between paid or unpaid care and, secondly, those who opt for paid childcare must decide whether to take their children to a nursery or pre-school or employ somebody to care for them. The second specification is a multinomial Logit in which it is assumed that parents choose from three alternatives: unpaid care, paid care by a nanny, and center-based care. We apply our models to a sample of working mothers with children under three. The database used is the 2008–2010 Spanish Survey of Quality of Working Life (Encuesta de Calidad de Vida en el Trabajo). The results are in line with previous work: Parental education, family composition, income and the characteristics of the mother’s job are important factors in determining the type of childcare chosen for under-three-year-olds. 相似文献
93.
Pablo Bandeira Jos María Sumpsi 《Development policy review : the journal of the Overseas Development Institute》2009,27(1):33-49
After being marginalised in the 1980s, land‐reform policies came back to national and international development agendas during the 1990s, resulting in a revival of academic research on the subject. This article reviews the empirical literature on access to land, rural development and public action for evidence on when and how the state should intervene in the allocation of rural land. The review suggests that positive impacts are obtained if, and only if, public actions on the allocation of land are carried out under certain conditions and in a certain way. The article ends by highlighting the need to elaborate empirical models that take into consideration opportunity costs and interactions, and that integrate individual responses with aggregate effects. 相似文献
94.
Vicente Peñarroja Miguel A. Serrano Esther Gracia Adrián Alacreu-Crespo Patricia González 《Revista de Psicología Social》2017,32(1):23-51
Cooperative relationships between groups are difficult because of the high human capability to differentiate between in-group vs. out-group members. This obstacle exists even when the groups can obtain benefits for themselves from cooperation with other groups (rational cooperation). Based on an interactionist approach, the authors propose that personal (individual differences) and situational (conflicts) factors contribute to rational intergroup cooperation. The authors conducted a preliminary correlational study (Study 1) and an experimental investigation (Study 2). In Study 1, the authors examined, with 105 participants, the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Rational–Experiential Inventory (REI), measuring individual differences in information processing. In Study 2, the authors conducted an experimental investigation with 141 participants, testing the role of individual differences and conflict in intergroup rational cooperation. Findings of Study 1 showed that the scale has adequate psychometric properties. Results of Study 2 confirmed that the existence of both manipulated and perceived intergroup conflict reduces the magnitudes of the relationships between rational ability and rational cooperation. In addition, perceived intergroup conflict increased the magnitude of the links from experiential ability and experimental engagement to rational cooperation. Both individual differences and previous conflict have a role in predicting rational intergroup cooperation. According to the interactionist approach, personal and situational factors should be considered in the understanding of intergroup relationships. 相似文献
95.
This study examines the relationship between financial strain and depressive symptoms in later life, and potential psychosocial
mediators of this relationship. Drawing on a sample of 214 low-income Latino older adults, we used structural equation modeling
to test the direct effect of chronic financial strain on depressive symptomatology, and the indirect effects via social support,
negative interaction, and coping styles. Findings indicated that financial strain increased the level of depressive symptoms
among this sample. Avoidance and approach-related coping styles emerged as independent determinants of depressive symptoms
albeit in opposite directions; higher levels of avoidance coping was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms.
Contrary to previous findings on the general population, findings from the current study indicate that social support and
negative interaction were not directly associated with depressive symptoms. Financial strain mediated the effect of sociocultural
(nativity status, years of U.S. residence) and social status factors (age, education) on depressive symptoms. This study highlights
the differential impact of financial strain and coping styles on psychological well-being, and the potential psychosocial
targets of interventions for older adults with chronic health care conditions. 相似文献
96.
Alberto Luceño 《统计学通讯:模拟与计算》2013,42(1):235-245
A well-know process capability index is slightly modified in this article to provide a new measure of process capability which takes account of the process location and variability, and for which point estimator and confidence intervals do exist that are insensitive to departures from the assumption of normal variability. Two examples of applications based on real data are presented. 相似文献
97.
Univ.-Ass. Mag.a Ruth Erika Lerchster Mag.a Dr.in Maria Spindler 《Gruppendynamik und Organisationsberatung》2009,40(1):47-68
Information and communication technologies (IT) permeate both the business and the private world. They cause profound changes for companies in terms of structure, leadership, culture, education and the position of individuals within the context of the company. Established structures, decision making habits and methods of communication are being called into question. This means that communication is neither explicitly controllable nor in some cases even specified, but it also should not be viewed as arbitrary. Structures which are treated as contingent require meta-management, reflection and determination. Leaders are forced to act within a constellation of tensions between the reduction and the expansion of complexity as basic functions of structuring. Ideally this type of steering takes place consciously and with a view toward the future, taking into account the increasing complexity and dynamics of the environment and the corporate culture. Empirical studies of our four intervention research projects show that the situation for many companies is sobering. Companies cannot always entirely interpret the rapid development of communication technologies and the consequences it brings with it, nor can they completely make use of its potential advantages. Companies and individuals are forced to think actively within the networked economy. The demand for further education shifts between the company (expertise, employee loyalty) on the one hand and the responsibility of the individual for his or her own development on the other. Agreements are the key to bringing harmony and new solutions to the conflicts among the differing interests of individuals, subsystems and the company as a whole. Considering the complex requirements for companies and management caused by IT, this article shows that reflective observation of intervention research, guided by theory and with a focus on targeted change of management practice, is a process which provides new opportunities for action in both theory and practice. In this process, focusing (systemization) and reflection (enhancement of perspectives) are fundamental keys for dealing with complexity. 相似文献
98.
Dolores Añón Higón Ödül Bozkurt Jeremy Clegg Irena Grugulis Sergio Salis Nicholas Vasilakos Allan M. Williams 《国际管理评论杂志》2010,12(2):201-217
This paper discusses the literature on the established determinants of productivity in the retail sector. It also draws attention to some neglected strands of research which provide useful insights into strategies that could allow productivity enhancements in this area of the economy. To date, very few attempts have been made to integrate different specialisms in order to explain what drives productivity in retail. Here this paper rectifies this omission by putting together studies from economics, geography, knowledge management and employment studies. It is the authors’ view that quantitative studies of retail productivity should focus on total factor productivity in retailing as the result of competition/composition effects, planning regulations, information and communications technology, the multinational operation element and workforce skills. Further, the fact that retail firms possess advantages that are transferable between locations suggests that investment in strategies enhancing the transfer of explicit and tacit knowledge between and within businesses are crucial to achieve productivity gains. 相似文献
99.
Luísa Canto e Castro Maria da Graça Temido 《Journal of statistical planning and inference》2011,141(9):3005-3020
To test the extreme value condition, Cramér-Von Mises type tests were recently proposed by Drees et al. (2006) and Dietrich et al. (2002). Hüsler and Li (2006) presented a simulation study on the behavior of these tests and verified that they are not robust for models in the domain of attraction of a max-semistable distribution function. In this work we develop a test statistic that distinguishes quite well distribution functions which belong to a max-stable domain of attraction from those in a max-semistable one. The limit law is deduced and the results from a numerical simulation study are presented. 相似文献
100.
Santiago Budría 《Social indicators research》2011,102(3):409-437
This paper asks whether educational mismatches can account for the positive association between education and wage inequality
found in the data. We use two different data sources, the European Community Household Panel and the Portuguese Labour Force
Survey, and consider several types of mismatch, including overqualification, underqualification and skills mismatch. We test
our hypothesis using two different measurement methods, the ‘statistical’ and the ‘subjective’ approach. The results are robust
to the different choices and unambiguously show that the positive effect of education on wage inequality is not due to the
prevalence of educational mismatches in the labour market. 相似文献