Student Perception As Moderator For Student Wellbeing

Student motivation as well as student perception of interpersonal teacher behaviour are linked to the sense of wellbeing at student level. However, while most of the variance in the measurement of student wellbeing was situated at student level, eleven percent of variance was found at classroom level. In this article we focus on this variance at classroom level and the moderating role that student perception of interpersonal teacher behaviour has. From an interpersonal perspective on teaching, the relationship between teacher wellbeing, perceptions of interpersonal teacher behaviour, and student wellbeing is examined. Grade 9 students of technical and vocational training schools are participating in this study. In the analyses a distinction is made between teaching academic subjects and teaching vocational subjects. There appears to be a direct link between the wellbeing of the teachers of academic subjects and the wellbeing of their students. Students who perceive their academic teacher as leading, helpful and friendly score higher on wellbeing, while wellbeing decreases when an academic teacher is perceived as strict and admonishing.The relationship between the teacher of vocational subjects who typifies himself as strict and admonishing, and the wellbeing of his students, is moderated by student perceptions of teacher interpersonal behaviour. A direct relationship between the wellbeing of the vocational teacher and the wellbeing of students is not found. Only when the vocational teacher's wellbeing is high and student perceptions of uncertain or dissatisfied interpersonal teacher behaviour is low, does student wellbeing increase. We conclude that for vocational subjects, student perceptions of interpersonal teacher behaviour are crucial moderators. Finally, students who are highly motivated to learn practical subjects, have a higher score on student wellbeing. By contrast, the fact that education is inherently obligatory has a negative influence on student wellbeing.     

A REFLECTING TEAM APPROACH TO FAMILY THERAPY: A DELPHI STUDY

Due to different conceptualizations and unclear theoretical guidelines, a reflecting team approach to family therapy has lacked conceptual and practical clarity. The purpose of this exploratory study was to outline the theory and practice of a reflecting team approach to family therapy. A Delphi technique was employed for panelists to consider the theoretical assumptions, techniques, how change occurs, major goals, when to use, and contraindications of a reflecting team approach. Analysis of data revealed where consensus was reached and a profile was formed to aid in further clarifying this approach.     

Mortality by nativity

This note reports the reversal of the mortality-nativity relationship in the United States. In the first half of the twentieth century, mortality among foreign-born Americans was greater than among (white) native Americans. Data for 1980 show that now mortality among the foreign-born is markedly lower than among native Americans.     

A Systems-Developmental Approach to Counselling Couples with Sexual Problems: Part I — Theoretical Framework

We present a two part model for the understanding and treatment of long-standing sexual problems, especially those involving desire discrepancy between partners. In Part I, a theoretical model is outlined in terms of the normal developmental patterns of relationship development in current Western culture. We then discuss the balances and imbalances that develop as a consequence of differences in styles of loving, which affect sexual expectations and behaviour. In Part II we will examine the implications of the theoretical model for therapeutic intervention.     

Fitting Demand and Supply: How Identification Brings Appeals and Motives Together

In this article, participants in two demonstrations are compared. The demonstrations took place in two different squares in Amsterdam, on the same day, opposing the same governmental policy. Everything was the same except the organizers and their appeals: labor unions with an appeal in terms of threatened interests, on the one hand, and an anti-neoliberalism alliance with an appeal in terms of violated principles on the other. We hypothesize that social cleavages shape mobilizing structures and mobilization potentials. Thereby, this study takes an important yet rarely tested assumption in social movement literature seriously: namely, that grievances are socially constructed. If indeed grievances are socially constructed, one would expect that organizers rooted in different cleavages issue different appeals that resonate with different motives. What made individuals who were protesting the same governmental policy participate in one square rather than in the other? Organizational embeddedness, identification, and appeals that resonate with people's grievances provide the answer to that question. To test our hypotheses, we conducted surveys at both demonstrations; survey questionnaires were randomly distributed. The findings supported our assumptions regarding the influence of the diverging mobilizing contexts on the dynamics of protest participation and revealed the crucial role of identity processes.     

Paired versus double domination in K 1,r -free graphs

A vertex in G is said to dominate itself and its neighbors. A subset S of vertices is a dominating set if S dominates every vertex of G. A paired-dominating set is a dominating set whose induced subgraph contains a perfect matching. The paired-domination number of a graph G, denoted by γ _pr(G), is the minimum cardinality of a paired-dominating set in G. A subset S?V(G) is a double dominating set of G if S dominates every vertex of G at least twice. The minimum cardinality of a double dominating set of G is the double domination number γ _×2(G). A claw-free graph is a graph that does not contain K _1,3 as an induced subgraph. Chellali and Haynes (Util. Math. 67:161–171, 2005) showed that for every claw-free graph G, we have γ _pr(G)≤γ _×2(G). In this paper we extend this result by showing that for r≥2, if G is a connected graph that does not contain K _1,r as an induced subgraph, then $\gamma_{\mathrm{pr}}(G)\le ( \frac{2r^{2}-6r+6}{r(r-1)} )\gamma_{\times2}(G)$ .     

The Precautionary Principle in Context: U.S. and E.U. Scientists' Prescriptions for Policy in the Face of Uncertainty*

Objective. Our objective is to explain how scientists interpret less‐than‐certain scientific findings to inform policymakers' choices on controversial science policy issues. We focus on two particularly difficult policy cases concerning global climate change and low‐dose radiation protection. Methods. Our method is to analyze data from a unique multination survey of scientists to analyze the ways their views about what is scientifically correct are translated into judgments about appropriate policy. The surveys asked scientists, randomly drawn from U.S. and E.U. subscribers to the journal Science, to indicate the “most likely” relationships between greenhouse gas emissions and average global temperatures and between radiation dose and incidence of cancer in humans. Follow‐up questions asked for their judgments about appropriate policy targets for reductions in greenhouse gas emission and safety standards for radiation exposure. The data permit analysis of the relationships between scientific certainty and policy judgments in these two cases. Results. Our results shed light on when and how scientists reach precautionary policy conclusions, demonstrating that scientists' application of precaution is dependent on context. In the case of radiation protection, greater certainty is associated with less precaution. But with respect climate change, we found the opposite relationship. Conclusions. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for the role of scientists, and scientific advice, in the policy process.     

Family support as a working style in child protection in Italy: A comparative study on social workers' child welfare attitudes

Comparative studies on child protection decision-making highlight the implications and determinants of differences in child welfare systems internationally and reinforce discussions regarding child protection practices and family support when a child is exposed to inadequate parental care. To date, Italian child protection studies have highlighted a system characterised by a strong degree of variability related to the absence of practices shared nationally. Differently, this comparative study focuses more on similarities within the Italian context, seeking to understand how they influence practices. The opinions of 188 Italian social workers with respect to the substantiation of maltreatment, risk assessment and intervention recommendations were compared with the results of a recent study involving practitioners in Israel, Northern Ireland, Spain and the Netherlands. The main outcomes show that Italian social workers prefer a family support orientation, meaning that children are usually removed from their home only if necessary and generally with the aim of reunification with their families. The study also reveals that Italian professionals are more in favour of residential care than foster care.     

Top-income adjustments and official statistics on income distribution: the case of the UK

UK official statistics on income distribution have incorporated top-income adjustments to household survey data since 1992. This article reviews the work undertaken by the Department for Work and Pensions and the Office for National Statistics, and the academic research that influenced them, and reflects on the lessons to learn from the UK experience.

     

Child protection pathways for newborn infants: A multi-disciplinary retrospective chart review of an Irish maternity hospital’s records

In Ireland, little is known about mothers and infants where child welfare and protection concerns arise during the perinatal period. This study explores, for the first time, perinatal child protection. A retrospective audit was carried out of a large maternity hospital's medical social work, neonatal and psychiatric files for a five-year period from 2016 to 2020. The study identified 99 children, born to 86 mothers, who were either subject to a child protection conference; placed for adoption; discharged to someone other than the mother; or discharged home under supervision. The study found that two-thirds of the children were discharged to their mother's care. When compared to national data, the health indicators for this cohort of mothers and children painted a grim picture. The maternal profiles identified high prevalence of mental health and addiction difficulties and domestic violence. The study found evidence of supports provided to the mothers to enable them to care for their infants while they remained in the hospital and during an initial discharge from hospital. However, a significant number of the mothers were not caring for their children when viewed across a longer time frame. Dedicated multi-disciplinary clinics and improved data systems were identified as of importance.