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81.
82.
Using ENRICH, a computerized marriage assessment tool (Olson, Fournier & Druckman, 1986), data from 8,385 couples was collected across nine dimensions of their marriage. The data was analyzed in two phases-cluster structure seeking and classification phases-by three different clustering methods (inverse factor analysis, hierarchical agglomerative, and k-means cluster analysis). Seven types of marriage were identified: Devitalized couples (40%), Financially focused couples (11%), Conflicted couples (14%), Traditional couples (10%), Balanced couples (8%), Harmonious couples (8%), and Vitalized couples (9%). The multidimensional profiles are described in relation to global measure of marital satisfaction, demographic characteristics, and clinical and research implications. 相似文献
83.
Julie?A.?UrbanEmail author Pamela?N.?Olson 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2005,26(1):101-122
Recognizing that mothers continue to bear the primary responsibility for household production, comprehensive logit models are developed to predict employment for low-income mothers. The models include a wide array of possible employment impediments, including individual, family environment, and community variables. Lack of family resource management, a variable not previously investigated in employment prediction, is found to be a significant impediment to employment. Under welfare reform, low-income mothers must balance family and work demands under severe resource constraints. Family resource management appears to play a crucial role in this balancing process. In addition, the local unemployment rate is found to be a significant predictor of employment. 相似文献
84.
85.
Olson LK 《Journal of aging & social policy》1994,6(1-2):43-56
This article explores some major assumptions underlying the Social Security system and alternative approaches to rendering the system more economically viable, meeting the income needs of the elderly and/or providing greater equity under its benefit and taxation provisions. It attempts to show that the current structure of Social Security not only reinforces but also exacerbates the underlying economic inequalities in our nation's political economy under the guise of a social insurance program. In addressing selected benefit and taxation issues, the article focuses on how working and older women are faring in the 1990s under the Social Security system. It argues that although the program theoretically is gender neutral, its impact is not. Women, particularly those who are single, are poorly served. The article concludes that a progressive restructuring of the Social Security system itself is imperative if we are to meet the needs of a large percentage of workers, older people, and the economic and social demands of the 1990s and beyond. It also offers some suggestions for such change. 相似文献
86.
This study clearly replicated the previous findings which demonstrated the predictive validity of PREPARE. Like the previous study, this longitudinal study was a 3-year follow-up of 179 couples who took PREPARE during their engagement. As in the initial longitudinal study, PREPARE predicted, with about 80% accuracy, couples who got divorced from those that were happily married. Also, the same linear trend in PREPARE scores was found (highest to lowest scores): happily married, unhappily married, cancelled/delayed marriage, and separated/divorced. This study further indicates the importance of the premarital period as the foundation for marriage and the ability of PREPARE to identify high-risk premarital couples who could benefit from premarital counseling. Premarital counseling could potentially help these high risk couples develop a more satisfying marriage. 相似文献
87.
Emma Armstrong-Carter Catherine Johnson Julia Belkowitz Connie Siskowski Elizabeth Olson 《Social policy report / Society for Research in Child Development》2021,34(2):1-24
In the United States, more than 5.4 million children and adolescents under age 18 provide care for family members who are aging or have chronic illness, disability, or other health conditions that require assistance. In this policy report, we describe youth’s care for the family, and highlight the increasing prevalence, global challenges, and uneven successes of measurement and categorization. We briefly summarize research on how caregiving affects youth’s academic, social, and emotional well-being. Next, we present novel, emerging evidence from the public school-based 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey for the State of Florida, which suggests that as many as 24% of middle school students and 16% of high school students provide at least some care to the family on a regular basis. Drawing on this evidence, we discuss targeted social programs which have been shown to promote the well-being of caregiving youth outside of the United States, as well as a 13-year-old school-based intervention in The School District of Palm Beach County, Florida. We conclude with specific recommendations for a path toward recognizing and supporting caregiving youth via policy and practice in the United States. Our aim is to increase the awareness and feasibility of identifying and supporting caregiving youth and their families via government-organized data collection and targeted social policies. 相似文献
88.
Brad Lowell Stone 《The American Sociologist》2008,39(1):68-85
Orthodox neo-Darwinians have typically sought to explain human pro-social behavior by invoking kin altruism and reciprocal
altruism, principles that explain the pro-social behavior of non-human species. These principles, however, do not account
for those features of our species that are most unique and of greatest importance to sociologists—our group identities and
behavior, our cognitive and behavioral plasticity, our capacity for social learning and cumulative culture, among other things.
This article describes the efforts of “dual inheritance” theorists to overcome the deficiencies of orthodox neo-Darwinism
by developing an evolutionary theory of culture, a theory that also seeks to account for human “groupishness,” intelligence,
language use, empathy, morality and religion. The article asserts that dual inheritance theory accommodates most of the traditional
research interests of sociologists while proving a robust explanatory framework and that sociologists are positioned especially
well to contribute to the study of the evolution of culture. 相似文献
89.
Kristen Olson Jolene D. Smyth Ying Wang Jennie E. Pearson 《Social science research》2011,40(5):1465-1476
Literacy is associated with many outcomes of research interest as well as with respondents’ ability to even participate in surveys, yet very few surveys attempt to measure it because doing so is often complex, requiring extensive tests. The central goal of this paper is to develop a parsimonious measure of respondents’ reading ability that does not require a complex literacy test. We use data from the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy to identify correlates of reading ability to form a literacy index. These correlates include self-assessments of one’s ability to understand, read and write English, and literacy practices at home. Our literacy index reliably discerns literacy test scores above educational attainment, and the index shows high internal consistency (coefficient alpha = 0.78) and validity. The paper concludes with implications of these findings for survey research practitioners and suggestions for future research. 相似文献
90.
This essay provides an overview of the argument and scope of an exhibition, “Petropolis: A Social History of Urban Animal Companions” (15 July to 9 November 2003), curated by the authors for the New-York Historical Society. The visual history of pets in New York City from the 18th century to the present reveals a great deal about the changing relationships between humans and animals as the city became increasingly urbanized and industrialized and as the city came to have its dramatic mix of people drawn from many races, ethnicities and social classes. The exhibition shows a remarkable diversity of animals participating in domestic and in public city life, proving that the social history of New York City really cannot be told without including companion animals as actors and objects in that history. 相似文献