评《社会经济学:回顾与展望》

本书由13篇研究社会经济学的论文构成,它是“当代经济思想”丛书的组成部分。该丛书旨在对所讨论的领域提供“一个批评性的建设意见”,提供一个“论坛”,“国际著名的学者们可以通过这个论坛,就重要的相关问题发表其看法”。在本书中,12名一流学者就社会经济学的性质、范围和研究方法提出了不同看法,因而显然实现了丛书的目标。     

历史文学一般理论浅谈

文学研究中"历史主义"、"历史题材"、"历史体裁"等概念的实际涵义如何?它们的相互关系又如何?试以历史文学为例来回答这些问题.历史文学并不如人们通常所认为的是单一的"体裁",但也不只是一个题材的种类,不是所有的描写过去的文艺都被称之为历史文学(如人们寻常     

新千年经济学展望

历史告诉我们 ,未来的实际情况对那些草率作出预测的人是不利的 ,也不会给他们带来足够的回报。经济学也告诉我们 ,人们应对预测持怀疑的态度。然而 ,对经济学的未来进行猜想的时机是千载难逢的 ,这不仅仅因为对未来的任何预测都从现在开始 ,而且因为对未来的任何预测都建立在把我们带到现在的这个历史的基础之上。本文的预测不局限于预测一个特殊变量的变化规模或方向 ,而是指出了在这个职业中被认为是重要的发展趋势 ,并猜测哪些趋势将得到加强。经济学家的类别暨理论与经验在经济学中 ,关于方法论的最热烈的争论或许是经济学应当对理论 ,…     

法国哲学家弗拉基米尔·扬克列维奇

从1931年发表《亨利·柏格森》到1982年发表《道德的反论》,弗拉基米尔·扬克列维奇的著作跨延了半个世纪.半个世纪的理论与文学创作,半个世纪不间断地探索与努力.很少有当代的哲学家能够受益于这样长的学术生涯,更少有人尽管在二十年代已形成了思想体系,但仍能在晚年显示出比他的后继者更加年轻,从某种意义上来说,更加现代化的思想.作为一个引人注意的和复杂的人,弗拉基米尔·扬克列维奇给人们留下了多种形象.但最重要的,在他的贝桑松、图卢兹和巴黎的学生们的记忆中,他是一位光彩夺目的教授.他是名副其实的导师之一,他认为     

信息时代的信息科学

一、引言20世纪80年代的不可回避的现实是对“信息技术”作出了高度概括性的描述。传播媒介连篇累牍地给我们提供了一系列关于“信息革命”、“信息社会”和“信息经济”的报告,人们可以把这种高度的认识看作是信息科学成熟的标志,但情况似乎并非如此。本文要考察信息科学在这种“新”秩序中的作用和增强了的信息意识对信息科学的影响。     

维特根斯坦和海德格尔之后的哲学

作为本世纪的重要哲学家,维特根斯坦和海德格尔消除了“以认识论为中心的哲学”,改变了哲学发展的基础。他们强调实践生活,反对求助于非时间性的真理来为实践辨护的企图,反对表象主义——维氏批判传统的意义理论和指称理论,海氏对传统强调“纯粹看”的首要性表示怀疑。两人都是     

塞夫的科学人道主义

现代法国的马克思主义正在为建立马克思主义社会科学进行着激烈的辩论。以列费弗尔、加罗第、萨特为代表的人道主义传统脱不出思辨哲学的范围。结构主义想向科学化方面前进一步,但它却牺牲了人的领域中一些特殊的东西,如意识、目的、主观性。主观与客观观点之间、科学严格性与人道主义热情之间的分裂使一些现代马克思主义的讨论截然对立。     

美国的政治学

美国政治科学对西方现代政治思想,对整个资产阶级社会科学都有很大的影响.社会学和社会心理学的分析方法在美国政治科学领域曾得到广泛的发展和运用.这种方法把资产阶级社会科学的这个领域(政治学)变成了现代资产阶级意识形态的一个重要组成部分.这门学科的作用是给希望取得对资本主义世界的政治、意识形态的领导提供假理论根据.     

Accounting for Uncertainty in Heteroscedasticity in Nonlinear Regression

Toxicologists and pharmacologists often describe toxicity of a chemical using parameters of a nonlinear regression model. Thus estimation of parameters of a nonlinear regression model is an important problem. The estimates of the parameters and their uncertainty estimates depend upon the underlying error variance structure in the model. Typically, a priori the researcher would not know if the error variances are homoscedastic (i.e., constant across dose) or if they are heteroscedastic (i.e., the variance is a function of dose). Motivated by this concern, in this paper we introduce an estimation procedure based on preliminary test which selects an appropriate estimation procedure accounting for the underlying error variance structure. Since outliers and influential observations are common in toxicological data, the proposed methodology uses M-estimators. The asymptotic properties of the preliminary test estimator are investigated; in particular its asymptotic covariance matrix is derived. The performance of the proposed estimator is compared with several standard estimators using simulation studies. The proposed methodology is also illustrated using a data set obtained from the National Toxicology Program.     

Information Seeking about Global Climate Change among Adolescents: The Role of Risk Perceptions, Efficacy Beliefs and Parental Influences

Global climate change is likely to have significant impacts on public health. Effective communication is critical to informing public decision making and behavior to mitigate climate change. An effective method of audience segmentation, the risk perception attitude (RPA) framework has been previously tested with other health behaviors and classifies people into 4 groups on the basis of their perceptions of risk and beliefs about personal efficacy. The 4 groups - indifference (low risk, weak efficacy), proactive (low risk, strong efficacy), avoidance (high risk, weak efficacy), and responsive (high risk, strong efficacy) - are hypothesized to differ in their self-protective behaviors and in their motivations to seek information. In this paper, we extend the RPA framework in two ways. First, we use it at the household level to determine whether parental classifications into the 4 groups are associated with their teenage children's classification into the same 4 groups. Second, we predict adolescent information-seeking behaviors on the basis of their and their parents' membership in the 4 RPA groups. Results (N = 523 parent-adolescent pairs) indicated that parental membership in the 4 RPA groups was significantly associated with children's membership in the same 4 groups. Furthermore, the RPA framework was a significant predictor of adolescent information-seeking: those in the responsive and avoidance groups sought more information on climate change than the indifference group. Family communication on global warming was positively associated with adolescents' information-seeking. Implications for interventions are discussed.