论西藏的草场资源与环境保护

西藏的草场资源由于长期投入有限,畜牧经营方式落后、基础设施建设滞后等因素,造成资源破坏与生态失衡,使得草场退化、沙漠化、载畜能力大幅度下降.因此必须合理利用草场资源,采取多种措施走畜牧业集约化道路,实现草场资源的可持续利用.     

西部大开发中的西藏传统民族手工艺

本文通过西藏传统手工艺的市场化方面的研究 ,论述了西藏地区在西部大开发中传统民族手工艺的发展现状、发展特点 ,在社会经济中的地位、特色 ,当前所面临的挑战 ,以及应该明确的原则和避免的问题等     

阿布哈兹人的生育习俗和礼仪

同孩子的生命(包括孩子出生)有关的习俗和礼仪跟结婚仪式一样,在民族学著作中通常被看成是一系列特殊的家庭礼仪,这些仪礼只有一个目的,即保障社会新成员平安出世及生活顺利。目前还没有描述阿布哈兹人生儿育女的一系列习俗和礼仪的专门著作。本文在某种程度上填补了这个空白。它是在作者对阿布哈兹人的日常生活进行多年观察的基础上写出来的,同时还利用了1982年收集到的实地考察资料。孩子出生在阿布哈兹人家里被看作是极为重要的事情。特别高兴的是生了儿子,人们把他看作是     

阿萨姆的微型泰人共同体

一泰人在印度东北部,特别是在阿萨姆的历史上曾经起过重要作用。其重要性主要表现在,他们是公元1228年从东北部发动入侵,取得成功,并在印度土地上建立起一个存在了很长时间的王国的唯一民族。从最早时期,直到莫卧尔人出现,所有其他入侵都来自西北部。泰人王国——阿霍姆(Ahom)王国——的出现,在阿萨姆历史上是如此之重要,以致那里的中世纪时期的开端即从这一时刻算起。确实,早期不列颠行政官员也认为,阿萨姆的历史只能从阿霍姆人的入侵开始。     

Matching in sexual experience for married, cohabitating, and dating couples

The present study examined heterosexual romantic partners' number of intercourse partners prior to the initiation of their relationship to determine if a significant positive correlation (matching) occurred between partners, and if this matching was associated with their level of love, satisfaction with, and commitment to the relationship. One hundred and six couples who were dating, cohabitating, or married participated in this study. Results indicated that, with the exception of cohabitating couples, romantic partners showed a significant level of matching in the prior number of intercourse partners. Further, among the married couples, a higher discrepancy between men's and women's number of previous intercourse partners was related to lower levels of love, satisfaction, and commitment in the relationship.     

Effects of a single-lesson tobacco prevention curriculum on knowledge, skill identification and smoking intention

One in five students report experimenting with tobacco before the age of 13 and most prevention efforts take place in the school setting. This study measures the effect of a single-lesson tobacco prevention curriculum, conducted by a health education center, focusing on knowledge of tobacco, ability to identify refusal techniques, and intent not to smoke. Data were collected, via electronic keypads, from students visiting a non-school, health education center in Michigan (n = 704 intervention and 85 comparison). Contingency table Chi-squared tests and t-tests demonstrated that a single lesson can improve general knowledge and ability to identify appropriate refusal techniques. Improvement in intent not to smoke was not significant because both groups had very high intent prior to implementation. Similar to results from other programs, multivariate logistic regression of gender, general knowledge, and skill identification revealed that only the skill variable was associated with intent not to smoke at pretest. Recommendations are given for further research and for designing more effective curricula or programs.     

Birthfamilies as permanency resources for children in long-term foster care

Provisions of the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 mandated shorter time frames for making permanency decisions and facilitating adoption. Yet for many children, foster care continued to be a significant portion of their life experiences. This project explored the potential permanency option of birthfamilies and extended kin for children who languished in foster care while being free for adoption. Eighteen children achieved permanent placement with their birthfamilies. In addition, staff found that although many families could not provide permanent placements, they could offer appropriate relationships with the children. This project team recommends viewing family relationships as an integral component where placement is one option on a continuum that includes letters, phone calls, and visits.     

Improving healthcare for children entering foster care

Despite the fact that children in foster care are, perhaps, the most vulnerable children, healthcare for them has been lacking woefully for many years. A growing body of research has documented the need for such care as well as the failure of child welfare agencies to make major improvements in providing healthcare to foster children. Nonetheless, current efforts are being made to change this situation. This article reports on one effort to improve the provision and timeliness of health exams for children entering care. One rural and one urban county served as project treatment sites, with two additional rural and urban counties serving as control sites. The treatment sites achieved a statistically significant improvement in their rate of exam completion as compared to the control sites. The study finds that despite an existing policy for healthcare for children entering foster care, legislation mandating additional efforts, shortened time frames, and provision for judicial oversight are needed for improvement.     

Ordering competition: the interactional accomplishment of the sale of art and antiques at auction

Auctions provide an institutional solution to a social problem; they enable the legitimate pricing and exchange of goods where those goods are of uncertain value. In turn, auctions raise a number of social and organizational issues that are resolved within the interaction that arise in sales by auction. In this paper, we examine sales of fine art, antiques and objets d'art and explore the ways in which auctioneers mediate competition between buyers and establish a value for goods. In particular, we explore how bids are elicited, co-ordinated and revealed so as to rapidly escalate the price of goods in a transparent manner that enables the legitimate valuation and exchange of goods. In directing attention towards the significance of the social interaction, including talk, visual and material conduct, the paper contributes to the growing corpus of ethnographic studies of markets. It suggests that to understand the operation of markets and their outcomes, and to unpack issues of agency, trust and practice, we need to place the 'interaction order' at the heart of analytic agenda.