隐喻的主要理论及指称述评

1.现代隐喻研究的五大流派 亚里士多德开创了隐喻研究的时代.他阐释了不同概念域的两个事物之间的联系,为后来的对比论奠定了基础.顾名思义,对比论就是拿一种事物与另一种事物相比较.据此,"Man is a wolf"相当于明喻"Man is like a wolf",只不过这里的"like"被省略了.因此,隐喻是一个简缩的明喻.     

我为什么要出版电子版学术专著?

在电子版的文献中 ,电子期刊看来发展最快 ,这可能是由于印刷版的学术刊物涨价太快的缘故。所以 ,电子期刊问题特别引起人们的关注。但是 ,对电子版学术专著的重要性也不该低估。从学术专著出版情况看 ,以英国为例 ,在过去 1 0年内(1 985～ 1 995 ) ,学术著作总量从 2 5 0 0 0种增长到45 0 0 0种 (含新版本 )。但目前关于电子版专著的情况在文献中尚未有所反映 ,为此笔者着重对英国学术著作电子版出版情况进行了调查 ,并且与北美进行了比较。在对 80种学术专著和教科书出版社的调查中 ,有 2 3家 (占总数 2 8.75 % )出版了电子版学术专著 ,5 …     

国家的生存:情报和社会研究者

本文是迎接1979年10月召开的白宫图书馆与情报服务会议的文章之一.人文科学和社会科学的预测牵涉到许多变项.社会科学研究个体的人和人类团体.同那些不管人类存在或不存在,而无情地回转着的天体不一样,社会的未来却依靠人类本身,人们的思想以及随之产生的行动.人类能够通过情报,学到东西,这是别的动物所办不到的.如果我们聪明地运用这种能力,那么我们不但有可能生存下去,而且还能过高质量的生活.     

美国的科学政策

《美国的科学政策——1939到现在》一书(修订版),1972年由美国麻省理工学院出版,编者是四位历史学家.全书共分六个部分:一、导言:历史的概述,二、准备和战争,三、战后科学的规划(1945-1950),四、本世纪中叶(1950-1957),五、反应的年代(1957-1965),六、衰退中的体系(1965-1970).编者依据大量材料(其中包括许多美国官方文件),对美国自1939到1970年的科学体制和政策作了历史的论述.对我们研究美国的科学政策和体制的演变有一定参考价值.下面是本书主要内容的简要介绍.     

使战争成为神话:从越南到伊拉克

在美国历史上,总有一些政治领袖以国家的命运为名要求人们无条件地接受战争的必要性和正当性.例如,在越南战争年代,我们民族的良心受到了把爱国主义与公民责任等同于盲目地参加与支持那场战争的质问.紧接着越南战争所带来的不适是一种民族主义的苏醒,政策制定者们将军事选择视为一种可行的和具有吸引力的外交政策工具.     

Activism among older women in Quebec, Canada: changing the world after age 65

The aim of this article is to examine senior women's involvement experience in Quebec, Canada. Study results are based on a qualitative methodology, and shed light on family history and continuity in the involvement trajectory, diversity in terms of group type and involvement practices, and gender differences in involvement. The meaning that older women attribute to their involvement is also addressed, including attitudes toward feminism. The discussion highlights the extent to which older women's involvement has been marked by their life trajectories, above and beyond their age. In sum, their involvement in the private and public spheres is quite impressive.     

Time to listen: strategies to improve hospital-based postnatal care

BACKGROUND: In Australia and internationally, women report high levels of dissatisfaction with hospital-based postnatal care. AIM: To design and implement strategies to improve hospital-based postnatal care at a Sydney metropolitan hospital. METHOD: This was an Action Research study. In Phase One, midwives considered the literature and participated in group discussions and interviews to determine their perceptions of postnatal care and the factors that facilitate or hinder the provision of quality care. In Phase Two, midwives participated in 12 working group meetings to design strategies to improve care. RESULTS: Several important principles of postnatal care were described, including building a relationship with women, meeting their individual needs, being flexible in approach and providing continuity of care. 'Listening to women', 'being there,' and 'normalising experiences and expectations' were believed to be critical to achieving these principles. A key strategy 'One to One Time' was designed to provide women with an uninterrupted period of time each day with a midwife who was available to listen to their needs and concerns and discuss issues related to their health and that of their baby. CONCLUSION: Midwives designed and implemented strategies that they believed would improve in-hospital postnatal care.     

“水货”学问多

1阿尔卑斯冰川水——极致温和、无限保湿 雅诗兰黛白金级奢宠紧颜精华水RVB/90/200m 极致纯净的瑞士阿尔卑斯山脉的冰川水富含具有疗愈肌肤功效的多种矿物质和营养素,例如钙、镁、钾等都是构成我们身体与皮肤的重要组成元素.与高效补水科技共同作用,瞬间将肌肤从干燥和缺乏矿物营养的状态中解救出来. GRACE点评:冰封世界里静静融化流淌了多年的水,再加上雅诗兰黛的尖端科技和昂贵成分,极致冰清玉洁也不过如此.     

Self-interest and the theory of action

The concept of self-interest remains underdeveloped in sociology although central to economics. Recent methodological and social trends render sociological indifference to the concept untenable. The term has enjoyed historical predominance in the West since the sixteenth century. While it is seen in modern economics as a singular motivating force, Adam Smith regarded self-interest in economic action as necessarily moderated by sympathy. In addition to its problematic economic conceptualization self-interest has an experiential basis in unequal power relations. An alternative to the concept of self-interest is presented by Amartya Sen in his account of commitment; its inconsistencies, however, render Sen's statement unsatisfactory. Differences between present and future interests indicate that the distinction between self-interested and other-interested action is not sustainable.     

The regeneration games: purity and security in the Olympic city

This paper examines the wider social impacts of hosting the London 2012 Olympic Games and its 'legacy' ambitions in East London, emphasizing securitization as an inbuilt feature of the urban regeneration project. Drawing on extensive original empirical research, the paper analyses the modalities of Olympic safety and security practices within the Olympic Park itself and their wider impact, while also connecting this research to theorization and debates in urban sociology and criminology. In this complex setting, a raft of formal and informal, often subtle, regulatory mechanisms have emerged, especially as visions of social ordering focused on 'cleansing' and 'purifying' have 'leaked out' from the hyper-securitized 'sterilized' environment of the Olympic Park and become embedded within the Olympic neighbourhood. In such complex circumstances, applying Douglas' (1966) work on purity and danger to the spatial realm provides a key conceptual framework to understand the form and impact of such processes. The imposition of order can be seen to not only perform 'cleansing' functions, but also articulate multiple symbolic, expressive and instrumental roles.