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141.
K A Wickrama R D Conger L E Wallace G H Elder 《Journal of health and social behavior》1999,40(3):258-272
The present longitudinal study of 330 adolescents used structural equation models to investigate whether (1) health-risk lifestyles exist among adults and adolescents, (2) parents' health-risk behaviors influence adolescents' health-risk behaviors, and (3) intergenerational transmission occurs by way of a health-risk lifestyle, by direct transmission of specific behaviors, or through both mechanisms. To address these questions, we estimated several models. The findings were generally supportive of the expectations. Results of single factor measurement models provided modest evidence for the existence of an underlying health-risk lifestyle factor among parents and adolescents. Results of structural equation models also demonstrated that parents' health-risk behaviors were transmitted to adolescents both at the lifestyle factor level and the unique component level. These associations prevailed even after controlling for family social status. However, parents' health-risk lifestyles mediated the effect of family social status on adolescents' lifestyles, net of the direct effect of family social status on adolescents' lifestyle. In these two-parent families, the effects of parents' health-risk lifestyles on adolescents seems to have gender symmetry. The findings of the separate models for boys and girls demonstrated that (1) fathers' health-risk lifestyle affected only boys' health-risk lifestyle, whereas (2) mother's health-risk lifestyle affected only girls' health-risk lifestyle. A similar gender moderating effect was not found for specific health-risk behaviors. Implications of these findings for future research and theoretical development are discussed. 相似文献
142.
Kiff CJ Cortes R Lengua L Kosterman R Hawkins JD Mason WA 《Journal of research on adolescence》2012,22(2):284-300
Effects of Timing of Adversity on Adolescent and Young Adult Adjustment Abstract Exposure to adversity during childhood and adolescence predicts adjustment across development. Further, adolescent adjustment problems persist into young adulthood. This study examined relations of contextual adversity with concurrent adolescent adjustment and prospective mental health and health outcomes in young adulthood. A longitudinal sample (N = 808) was followed from age 10 through 27. Perceptions of neighborhood in childhood predicted depression, alcohol use disorders, and HIV risk in young adulthood. Further, the timing of adversity was important in determining the type of problem experienced in adulthood. Youth adjustment predicted adult outcomes, and in some cases, mediated the relation between adversity and outcomes. These findings support the importance of adversity in predicting adjustment and elucidate factors that affect outcomes into young adulthood. 相似文献
143.
Rapid urbanization coupled with concerns about global climate change has renewed interest in energy conservation and carbon dioxide emissions reduction. Urban residential energy consumption is a valuable place to start reducing emissions, and urban tree planting programs have been both proposed and utilized as an energy conservation mechanism. Home energy savings associated with urban trees are often quantified using models because of the many complex interactions among variables that can influence home energy use. However, recent empirical analyses have found that energy savings associated with trees may be minimal relative to other important factors like building characteristics and human behaviors. We surveyed 176 residents from four neighborhoods in Raleigh, NC with varying socio-economic characteristics to assess relationships between summer energy usage, tree cover, homeowner behavior, and building characteristics. As hypothesized, we found that building characteristics, demographics, and human behaviors were all significant variables in describing the variability in summertime home energy usage. Although, total percent tree cover 18?m around the home did not affect summertime energy use, the number of trees in the NE and NW quadrants around each household did predict home energy use. These results indicate that planting trees may not be a successful strategy for reducing energy use from the residential sector in the heavily forested Southeast; rather efforts should target conservation and efficiency. 相似文献
144.
Peter Krebs Bill Holden Allison Williams Maria Basualdo Cara Spence 《Social indicators research》2008,85(1):127-144
Since its inception, the Community-University Institute for Social Research (CUISR) has been involved in a participatory process
aimed at understanding the quality of life in Saskatoon. Informed by the results of Quality of Life (QoL) survey in 2001 and
by a list of QoL action priorities from a community forum, the CUISR QoL module set out to survey community work on QoL action
planning and implementation. In collaboration with a steering committee of community-based professionals, CUISR developed
a methodology for managing and analyzing QoL initiatives related to community action implementation and planning. The Community
Action Plan Information System (CAPIS) is the result of this process. CAPIS is a compendium, an analysis, and a purposive
contextualization of QoL actions and recommendations from collaborative action plan documents, focused on the Saskatoon community.
This paper provides a detailed examination of the concept and components of the Comprehensive Action Plan Information System
(CAPIS), as well as the process and outcomes of a sampling of the QoL statement analysis and mapping project. The paper concludes
by projecting how the CAPIS could evolve into a fully operational QoL strategic action plan and gap indicator, providing the
foundation for a knowledge based, informed, reporting mechanism on the state and evolution of QoL action and policy.
相似文献
Cara SpenceEmail: |
145.
The Bridges and Foundations Project on Urban Aboriginal Housing, a Community-University Research Alliance (CURA) project financed
primarily by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) and the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation
(CMHC), has been operational in Saskatoon since early 2001. During these past 5 years over 50 specific research projects,
community surveys, graduate theses, workshops, conferences, seminars and other meetings have been conducted under the auspices
of the Bridges and Foundations Project as a whole. This paper first discusses the various social indicators employed in seven
surveys, which probed deeply into the views of local Aboriginal residents of their quality of life, particularly their living
conditions and affordable housing. The paper focuses less on the vast amount of data gathered from some 2,000 residents than
on the relevance of social indicators used in these surveys—for example which were most or least informative, and which were
of most or least interest and pertinence to the residents themselves. In the process it would seem pertinent to discern which
of various research approaches seemed, in retrospect, to have been most appropriate, informative and beneficial. The paper
then proceeds to place our experience in the Bridges and Foundations Project within a broader theoretical discussion of social
indicator development; and concludes with a brief commentary on the linkages between theory and research and between academic
and community-based research. 相似文献
146.
Cara M. Djonko-Moore 《Race Ethnicity and Education》2016,19(5):1063-1087
The purpose of this study was to examine the mobility (movement to a new school) and attrition (quitting teaching) patterns of teachers in high poverty, racially segregated (HPRS) schools in the US. Using 2007–9 survey data from the National Center for Education Statistics, a multi-level multinomial logistic regression was performed to examine the contribution of teacher characteristics, school setting characteristics, and school climate with a focus on interactions between school climate variables. The findings demonstrated that school climate variables predicted increased odds of mobility and that teacher characteristics, school setting, and teachers’ perceptions of school climate predicted increased odds of teacher attrition. These findings suggest that teacher attrition and mobility from HPRS schools could be slowed by strategic placement of teachers based on their beliefs about students in poverty and students of color. 相似文献
147.
Numerous researchers have now considered the impact of task characteristics on employee responses. However, relatively little is known about how information regarding individual task dimensions is processed to arrive at an overall judgment. Most studies simply consider the role of individual job characteristics or arbitarily apply a particular combinatory model. In the rare instances where alternative models have been simultaneously considered, there has been some apparent confusion regarding the meaning of models and/or interpretation of findings. The current study explored alternative combinatory models of human evaluative judgments. Data on task dimensions and employee affective responses were collected from subjects in two samples, one in a manufacturing firm and one in a Division of Corrections. Task dimension scores were combined by use of compensatory, conjunctive, and disjunctive models. Multiple regression was used to examine relationships between resultant scores and various affective response indices. All three models exhibited generally significant predictive ability. The linear compensatory model was found to be as powerful a predictor of evaluative judgments as were non-linear alternatives. Implications of findings are presented. 相似文献
148.
Despite the key role that subjective probabilities play in decisions made under conditions of uncertainty, little is known about the ability of probability assessors in developing these estimates. A literature survey is followed by a review of results from a continuing series of experiments designed to investigate the external accuracy of subjectively assessed probability distributions. Initial findings confirm that probability assessments provided by untrained assessors are of questionable value in predicting the distribution of actual outcomes of uncertain events. Particular difficulty is encountered when subjects attempt to quantify the extremes of their subjective distributions. The impact of extended assessor training and hypotheses regarding the effects of variation in the assessor's information level and the complexity of the assessment task are explored. Implications for applied decision making are drawn, and directions for future investigations are suggested. 相似文献
149.
Benjamin Oosterhoff Laura Wray‐Lake Cara A. Palmer Julie B. Kaplow 《Journal of research on adolescence》2020,30(Z2):485-498
This study examined adolescents’ concerns about social issues and how these concerns have changed over historical time. Separate cohorts of U.S. high school seniors (N = 110,953; 51.1% female) reported their worries about four social issues (crime/violence, economic problems, hunger/poverty, race relations) every year from 1976 to 2015. Youth were most concerned with crime/violence, followed by economic problems, hunger/poverty, and race relations. Adolescents’ social concerns varied by demographic characteristics and cohort, paralleling specific historical events and appearing responsive to the political challenges of the time. Initiatives seeking to engage youth within the political process may benefit from providing opportunities for teens to participate in civic activities aimed to address these issues. 相似文献
150.
Andrea Wallace Brian Dollery Carolyn-Dung Thi Thanh Tran 《The Australian journal of social issues》2019,54(4):436-455
Under its Fit for the Future reform programme, in May 2016 the New South Wales (NSW) government forcibly merged a number of municipalities, including the Armidale Dumaresq Council and the Guyra Shire Council in the New England region of northern NSW. Whilst scholarly attention has focused on the likely impact of municipal mergers on council performance at the system‐wide level (Bell, Dollery & Drew 2016; Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy, 35, 99), much less effort has been devoted to the analysis of the perspectives of council managers and employees involved in forced consolidation. In order to address this gap in the literature, in this paper we present a case study of compulsory council consolidation of the Armidale and Guyra councils based on interviews with senior managers as well as a survey of council workers. 相似文献