On a representation theorem of Schmeidler

In the present paper we consider functionals which occur naturally in the context of generalized certainty equivalents. The common feature of these functionals is that they behave additively for similarly ordered functions. It will be shown that this property allows to associate in a natural way certain martingales to the functions (acts) in question. As a consequence of elementary facts from martingale limit theory we derive an integral representation if the functional has an additional continuity property.     

新马克思主义美学的适时性

新马克思主义美学通过将审美与作为整体的社会联系起来,用一种充满活力的方式揭示了诸如艺术哲学、自然美学和日常生活审美化理论之类的美学的主要领域。它预见了艺术通过在日常生活中的实现而被扬弃,最终成为人类生活的富足状态。新马克思主义美学的主要倾向在于,根据艺术对社会导向和文化导向所产生的重要改变来讨论和阐明艺术的作用。这种对于将艺术深植于社会之中的关切,使得新马克思主义美学具有高度的适时性。新马克思主义美学的优越性,在于它看到了现代社会总是具有两面性。它之所以优于其他学派如实用主义或解释学,在于它用这样一种方式来反思艺术,即艺术既在社会领域之内又在社会领域之外而存在,艺术既是“社会事实”又是“自律的”。其中,它对自律艺术和对商业化艺术的关注,无论是在罗蒂还是在伽达默尔那里,都没有这种双重轨迹的见解。     

Who benefits from labor market institutions? Evidence from surveys of life satisfaction

This paper investigates the welfare effects of labor market institutions, placing an emphasis on how the institutions’ effects are differentiated by socio-demographic subgroups. We study how life satisfaction is affected by employment protection and the level and duration of unemployment benefit payments. Using data for almost 370,000 individuals in ten European countries, 1975-2002, we find that more employment protection and a higher benefit replacement rate increase the life satisfaction of the average citizen. At the subgroup level, different segments of the population are affected differently by the two categories of labor market institutions. While employment protection is valued especially by employed persons of intermediate age, it is less beneficial for women/housewives and for older persons. More generous unemployment insurance is valued especially by these latter subgroups and by the unemployed.     

On σ-coherence and a theorem of heath and sudderth

For the important case that the space of the possible states of nature is a compact Hausdorff space it is easy to generalize a result of Heath and Sudderth (1978) to the countably additive setting. No topological assumption is made on the space of observations. We also observe that posteriors need not always exist.     

On the problem of imprecision

Among the problems raised by admitting statements which are neither true nor false is the problem of how we are to cope with vague concepts. One method of dealing with such concepts has been suggested by Rosser/Turquette (1952), i.e. the employment of a many valued set theory. It is our intention in this paper to discuss the use of many valued logics, especially the set theoretical proposals of Zadeh and Brown, in dealing with this problem. Towards this end, we shall pay close attention to the development of the concepts of fuzzy sets and fuzzy systems. In this regard, it will be argued that Zadeh had in mind a many valued logic where the connectives are interpreted according to Lukasiewicz and Tarski, whereas Brown's version may be based upon a Boolean-valued logic. Furthermore, we shall have occasion to distinguish between two sources of imprecision in specifying the membership of classes, i.e. conceptual vagueness and imprecision due to inexact measurement. Due to Suppes' work in this field, the latter sort of imprecision may be exemplified by providing a theory of the inexact measurement of subjective probability. Finally, we shall discuss some ways in which these two types of imprecision are intertwined.     

Stress reactions after bank robberies: Psychological and psychosomatic reaction patterns

Within a broad investigation of 221 employees reporting psychological problems after experiencing robberies in banks, data were collected on the nature and distribution of different stress symptoms. This paper deals with a factor analysis of this material as well as with a study of possible differences concerning the ability of the employees to remember these symptoms. No such differences in memory could be found in terms of time elapsed since the robbery. However, women did report more symptoms than men. The factor analysis showed that the symptoms could be described by defined groups in such a way as to present the possibility of meaningful theoretical interpretations of those groupings.