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51.
52.
Holning Lau Geoffrey Yeung Rebecca L. Stotzer Charles Q. Lau Kelley Loper 《Journal of homosexuality》2017,64(4):509-522
Tongzhi is one of several Chinese terms that refer to individuals who are attracted to the same sex. Using data from two different surveys in Hong Kong, this research note examines how the term tongzhi coexists with other terms. We investigate the prevalence of self-identification as tongzhi, and we explore the extent to which using the term tongzhi influences public attitudes toward gay people and gay rights. Activists began popularizing the term tongzhi in the late 1980s, but less than one third of the participants in our 2008 survey of sexual orientation minorities (n = 728) described themselves as tongzhi. Using a split-ballot experiment in a 2013 public opinion poll (n = 831), we found that attitudes toward gay people and gay rights were not significantly impacted by whether questions were phrased in terms of tongzhi or the main alternative term tongxinglianzhe. We discuss how our findings can enrich understandings of earlier research and illuminate avenues for future study. 相似文献
53.
Open access book publishers often face different challenges than their counterparts in journal publishing. In particular, the funding models and discovery solutions that work for journal articles may not always function as well for books. Charles Watkinson of the University of Michigan Press answered questions about recent activities in these two areas. University of Michigan Press has participated in Knowledge Unlatched, a platform that allows a large network of libraries to financially support the open access publication of books from several publishers. In order to enhance discovery of these titles and learn more about their use, the press has also begun participating in the new Open Access eBooks on JSTOR program. 相似文献
54.
Xian Liu Charles C. Engel David W. Armstrong Han Kang 《Population research and policy review》2008,27(3):293-306
In this paper, we present and develop the argument that if the survival functions for two population subgroups converge in
later life, a mortality crossover must precede the occurrence of this convergence. Specifically, two survival curves, S
1(x) and S
2(x), associated with two distinct population subgroups, G1 and G2, tend to converge before all members die out, as often observed and anticipated. This convergence leads to an increased mortality
acceleration for the “advantaged” group, and eventually fosters the occurrence of a mortality crossover. We present a mathematical
proof for this relationship and offer several explanations for the mechanisms involved in the process of survival convergence
and the preceding mortality crossover. This new presentation demonstrates that mortality crossover is a highly observable
demographic event given the trend of survival convergence in later life. 相似文献
55.
56.
Humor is a significant weapon in interpersonal and intergroup conflict and competition. Over the centuries, males have used humor and jokes to create and perpetuate patriarchal ideals, relationships, and structures. Today, feminists and other proponents of gender equality use humor to deconstruct patriarchal ideologies and sexist stereotypes. This exploratory study analyzes a collection of over 1,700 jokes identified as feminist and women's humor to discover what these jokes suggest with regard to the male‐dominant structure in society and how these jokes are subversive in attempting to disrupt gender stereotypes and roles. We find that the humor of women and feminists seeks, in part, to discredit assumptions of males’ superiority, masterfulness, sexual prowess, and extraordinary value to women and society. These jokes may, however, also work to reinforce stereotypes associated with men and women: “If they could send a man to the moon, why not just send all of them?” 相似文献
57.
Modeling firms in the global economy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Charles Perrow 《Theory and Society》2009,38(3):217-243
I examine the apparent deverticalization of firms in the world economy and their adoption of relational contracting and modularization,
necessitated by rapid product change, cheap and rapid transport, and new technologies. I argue that relational contracting
is superseded by modularization when possible in the interest of more control over suppliers, and modularization in turn leads
to consolidation, when possible, through buying up suppliers or making them captives. The result is increased concentration
of economic power in the world economy, and examples of this are presented.
Charles Perrow is Emeritus Professor of Sociology, Yale University. His most recent book is The Next Catastrophe: Reducing Our Vulnerabilities to Natural, Industrial, and Terrorist Disasters, Princeton University Press, 2007. In 2001, he published Organizing America: Wealth, Power, and the Origins of Corporate Capitalism, Princeton University Press. His current research concerns internet security and operating systems architecture, the organization of large technical systems, and the organizational aspects of climate change. 相似文献
Charles PerrowEmail: |
Charles Perrow is Emeritus Professor of Sociology, Yale University. His most recent book is The Next Catastrophe: Reducing Our Vulnerabilities to Natural, Industrial, and Terrorist Disasters, Princeton University Press, 2007. In 2001, he published Organizing America: Wealth, Power, and the Origins of Corporate Capitalism, Princeton University Press. His current research concerns internet security and operating systems architecture, the organization of large technical systems, and the organizational aspects of climate change. 相似文献
58.
Hagelin John S. Rainforth Maxwell V. Cavanaugh Kenneth L. C. Alexander Charles N. Shatkin Susan F. Davies John L. Hughes Anne O. Ross Emanuel Orme-Johnson David W. 《Social indicators research》1999,47(2):153-201
This paper reports the results of a prospective experiment in which a group of approximately 4,000 participants in the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi programs of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi assembled in Washington, D.C., from June 7 to July 30, 1993. It was hypothesized that levels of violent crime in the District of Columbia would fall substantially during the Demonstration Project, as a result of the group's effect of increasing coherence and reducing stress in the collective consciousness of the District. A 27-member Project Review Board comprising independent scientists and leading citizens approved the research protocol and monitored the research process. Weekly crime data was derived from database records provided by the District of Columbia Metropolitan Police Department (DCMPD), which are used in the FBI Uniform Crime Reports. Statistical analysis considered the effect of weather variables, daylight, historical crime trends and annual patterns in the District of Columbia, as well as trends in neighboring cities. Consistent with previous research, levels of homicides, rapes and assaults (HRA crimes) correlated with average weekly temperature. Robberies approximately followed an annually recurring cycle. Time series analysis of 1993 data, controlling for temperature, showed that HRA crimes dropped significantly during the Demonstration Project, corresponding with increases in the size of the group; the maximum decrease was 23.3% (p < 2 × 10–9) [24.6% using a longer baseline, with 1988--1993 data (p < 3 × 10–5)], coincident with the peak number of participants in the group during the final week of the assembly. When the same period in each of the five previous years was examined, no significant decreases in HRA crimes were found. Robberies did not decrease significantly. However, a model that jointly estimated the effect of the Demonstration Project on both HRA crimes and robberies showed a significant reduction in violent crimes overall of 15.6% (p = 0.0008). Further analysis showed that the effect of the coherence-creating group on reducing HRA crimes could not be accounted for by additional police staffing. The time series analysis for HRA crimes gave results that are highly robust to alternative model specifications, and showed that the effect of the group size was cumulative and persisted after the Demonstration Project ended. Also, calculation of the steady state gain based on the time series model predicted that a permanent group of 4,000 coherence-creating experts in the District would have a long-term effect of reducing HRA crimes by 48%. 相似文献
59.
Charles N Halaby 《Social science research》1980,9(1):1-36
The two most marked trends in recent stratification studies are: (1) the shift away from a statical approach to attainment and toward a dynamical representation of achievement, and (2) the shift away from the assumption that achievement is largely a matter of individual characteristics, and toward the view that achievement is the outcome of an employer-employee exchange of productive resources for earnings and status. This paper forges a link between these parallel trends by elaborating on previous formulations of dynamic models of achievement and applying the results to the analysis of earnings attainment in an internal labor market. The modeling section of the paper joins within a single framework the growing interest in ascertaining how a given structure of opportunity shapes achievement and in determining the different points in the career line at which individual background and resource variables impact attainment. Special attention is devoted to the problems facing researchers who wish to bring a dynamic conceptualization of achievement to cross-sectional or otherwise deficient data. Although the empirical application of the various models is largely meant to be illustrative, it is of interest in its own right because it goes substantially beyond previous efforts in this area. 相似文献
60.
With increasing demand for low-density recreational services and limited supply of facilities to provide them, congestion is becoming an important management problem. The purpose of this paper is to outline a model of congestion, estimate the effect of it upon individual willingness to pay for wilderness experiences, and illustrate how these results might be used for efficient management. A survey of users of the Spanish Peaks Primitive Area indicates that their revealed willingness to pay is significantly affected by encroachments upon the solitude they experience during their trip. Consequently, congestion effects for such services can be measured and used in the formation of administrative policy. 相似文献