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51.
Eric G. Benotsch PhD David W. Seal L. Yvonne Stevenson Cheryl Sitzler Jeffrey A. Kelly Laura M. Bogart 《Journal Of Human Behavior In The Social Environment》2013,23(3):329-349
ABSTRACT The AIDS epidemic in Africa remains a serious health crisis. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Africa play a critical role in the delivery of HIV prevention services. An important barrier to their HIV prevention efforts is stigma directed at persons living with HIV/AIDS. In order to understand how stigma affects HIV prevention programming, we conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with NGO directors in 29 African countries. Qualitative analytic approaches were used to identify key themes. Substantial discrimination and stigmatization of HIV-positive persons was reported. HIV-positive women were particularly likely to suffer negative social and economic consequences. The stigma associated with HIV interfered with disclosure of HIV status, risk-reduction behaviors, and HIV testing, creating significant barriers to HIV prevention efforts. Interventions to reduce AIDS-related stigma in Africa are urgently needed. Reducing the burden of stigma is critical to fighting the epidemic in Africa and could play an important role in global HIV reduction. 相似文献
52.
Cheryl S. Le Roux 《International Journal of Social Research Methodology》2013,16(2):195-207
AbstractThe changing face of qualitative research has opened up discourses on the validity and rigour of research processes and products. A current debate is whether the criteria traditionally used to judge the rigour of quantitative research are appropriate to assess the academic integrity of qualitative research including autoethnography. The purpose of this article is to appraise views on the academic rigour, validity and scientific accountability of research in general and autoethnographic research in particular. The researcher reports on issues of rigour in conducting autoethnographic research from her own experience and that of published autoethnographic researchers. The issue of relevant appraisal criteria against which the research integrity and rigour of autoethnographic studies can be assessed is investigated. It is concluded that the academic rigour of autoethnographic studies should be established to enhance its credibility and value and that the criteria used need to be judiciously determined and applied. 相似文献
53.
Brad Hagen Ruth Grant Kalishuk Cheryl Currie Jason Solowoniuk Gary Nixon 《International Gambling Studies》2013,13(3):356-370
Although studies have shown a link between social trauma and problem gambling (PG), there is little research involving Aboriginal women in this area, despite Aboriginal women being potentially at higher risk for both social trauma and problem gambling. This article describes the results of a qualitative phenomenology study asking seven Aboriginal women living in Western Canada to describe their experiences of social trauma and gambling problems. Results suggest four main themes, describing: (1) the Aboriginal women's experiences of social trauma (‘the three tigers’); (2) their use of gambling to cope with these experiences (‘a big hole with the wind blowing through it’); (3) their experience of problem gambling (‘I'm somebody today’); and (4) their process of healing from social trauma and gambling problems (‘a letter to John’). Participants described what they felt was a clear link between social trauma and problems with gambling, and how gambling helped to change their mood and block out the past. The results raise the possibility that Aboriginal women with gambling problems may need support to heal from social trauma – including racism and colonization – and that upstream initiatives to reduce the incidence of social traumas may be an important response to problem gambling among Aboriginal women. 相似文献
54.
This purpose of this paper is to report findings that older people are legally vulnerable when entering an aged care facility, that social workers lack knowledge of the legal aspects of this move and do not necessarily view this information as core to their practice. The structure of social work services mirror the disjuncture older people and their families experience at this time and this may, in part, explain social work's lack of attention to these issues. Although many social workers are in contact with older people, the profession in Australia has been slow to develop a knowledge base to support effective practice with this group. 相似文献
55.
Cheryl Hiu-Kwan Chui Michelle H. Y. Shum Terry Y. S. Lum 《Asia Pacific journal of social work》2013,23(2):133-148
Various countries across the East Asian region have witnessed the rapid proliferation of social enterprises, especially work integration social enterprises (WISEs) in the recent decade. Drawing from qualitative interviews with WISE employees and middle managers in Hong Kong, we examined what working in a WISE meant for employees with disabilities, and how such work differs from traditional service delivery organisations and other employment-support schemes. Three emergent themes, Meaningful Engagement, Individual-Based Empowerment and Relational-Based Empowerment, were identified as critical outcomes. Discussion pertaining to the role of WISE in the production of welfare and practice implications are presented. 相似文献
56.
Otto-Salaj L Reed B Brondino MJ Gore-Felton C Kelly JA Stevenson LY 《Journal of sex research》2008,45(2):150-163
This study examined gender differences and preferences in the use of and response to six different styles of condom use negotiation with a hypothetical sexual partner of the opposite gender. Participants were 51 heterosexually active African American adults attending an inner-city community center. Participants completed a semistructured qualitative interview in which they were presented with six negotiation strategies based on Raven's 1992 Power/Interaction Model of Interpersonal Influence. Results showed that female participants responded best to referent, reward, and legitimate strategies, and worst to informational tactics. Male participants responded best to reward strategies, and worst to coercion to use condoms. Further, responses given by a subset of participants indicated that use of negotiation tactics involving coercion to use condoms may result in negative or angry reactions. Response to strategies may vary with the value of the relationship as viewed by the target of negotiation. Implications for HIV prevention efforts are discussed. 相似文献
57.
Michael YL Perrin N Bowen D Cochrane BB Wisdom JP Brzyski R Ritenbaugh C 《Journal of women & aging》2005,17(1-2):5-18
Inhibition of emotional expression has been associated with the incidence and progression of breast cancer and other chronic illnesses. Others have theorized that it may not be repression itself, but rather ambivalence over the expression of emotions that is the important health-related factor. The Women's Health Initiative (WHI), a long-term, national study focusing on disease prevention among postmenopausal women, is unique in its assessment of expression and ambivalence of negative emotion in a large study sample of multiethnic, older women. Psychological factors such as expression of negative emotion and ambivalence about expression of emotion are also determined by social patterning. The current study examined the psychometric properties of the instruments used to measure each construct and variation across race/ethnicity and age. The analysis suggests that the scales can be used with confidence in diverse ethnic and age groups. Examining ambivalence about expression of negative emotion in future longitudinal research will further elucidate its role in predicting disease incidence and recovery, both important in reducing the public health burden of chronic disease. 相似文献
58.
Le fondement théorique de notre étude sur l'expérience vécue par les étudiants d'une grève du corps professoral d'une université s'appuie principalement sur la formulation théorique de Blumer selon laquelle l'interaction entre des acteurs, dans un cadre industriel, peut être divisée en trois étapes: 1) interprétation de l'expérience; 2) établissement de nouvelles relations; et 3) direction du mouvement ou ajustement. Chaque étape entraîne un changement de situation ainsi que des modifications correspondantes de la perception de soi et des autres. Dans cette étude, nous intégrons également le travail de Stebbins sur les situations difficiles. Nous appliquons ces concepts fondamentaux à l'étude d'une grève où un élément puissant ‐ la main‐d'ceuvre ‐, représentée ici par le corps professoral, se mesure à un autre élément ‐ la direction ‐, représentée ici par l'administration. Par ailleurs, nous privilégions un point que les autres études perdent souvent de vue: l'effet de cette lutte sur un élément tiers moins puissant, à savoir la population étudiante. The theoretical basis for this study of the student experience of a university faculty strike is provided primarily by Blumer's theoretical formulation that interaction between actors in an industrial setting can be studied in three principal phases: (1) interpretation of the experience; (2) the forging of new and emergent relationships; and (3) lines of movement or adjustment. Each phase involves a change in situation along with corresponding changes in the perception of self and other. We also integrate Stebbins' work on predicaments. These major concepts are employed as we follow a strike in which one powerful sector, labour (represented here as Faculty), is pitted against another, management (represented here as Administration), and focus on what other studies often lose sight of—namely, the effect of the battle on a less powerful third sector, the students. 相似文献
59.
Francine Jacobs Priscilla M. D. Little Cheryl Almeida 《Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless》1993,2(4):269-288
Survey data from a national sample of homeless family shelters (N=59)were analyzed to describe the family support programming available to residents. Data were reported on facility and resident characteristics and family support programming, as well as on facility admission criteria and program participation requirements. Four independent variables (length of stay, shelter capacity, sponsorship, and program philosophy) were examined for their relationship to the family-oriented services offered. Facilities sheltered an average of 17 families, with a range of 2–200; the average length of stay for families was slightly over 5 months. Regarding family programming, services of an educational nature were more popular than those focused on providing support or therapy/intervention; services to parents to further adult development were more often offered than those either directed to parents in their parenting roles or to the family as a unit. Virtually all shelters (98%) applied eligibility criteria to families seeking admission. The most common reasons for exclusion were active drug (86%) and alcohol (83%) abuse by a family member; 40% also refused acceptance to families with adolescent males. Seventy-eight percent of facilities mandated participation in some support services. Smaller shelters operated with greater numbers of exclusions (¯x=5.98773; p<.05);larger shelters had higher percentages of mandatory family programming (¯x= 9.21823; p<.06).These findings shed light on shelter directors' beliefs about the etiology of family homelessness and proper steps to solve the problem. 相似文献
60.
Scott Cummings Lenora Finn Paradis Cheryl Neal Alatriste James Cornehls 《Population research and policy review》1988,7(2):159-188
This paper critically examines various approaches to community development in Mexican squatter settlements. Using a quasi-experimental design, the authors show systematic differences between government-sponsored and spontaneous squatter communities. Results suggest that residents in the non-government squatter settlement are not disadvantaged in their ability to construct adequate housing or to obtain resources similar to those living in government-sponsored communities. Government-sponsored settlements, however, showed significantly higher levels of collective action and community building than those that were spontaneously formed. The authors conclude with suggestions for improving the social and physical conditions of squatters. 相似文献