Flipping and ex post aggregation

We show that Bayesian ex post aggregation is unstable with respect to refinements. Suppose a group of Bayesians use ex post aggregation. Since it is a joint problem, each agent's problem is captured by the same model, but probabilities and utilities may vary. If they analyze the same situation in more detail, their refined analysis should preserve their preferences among acts. However, ex post aggregation could bring about a preference reversal on the group level. Ex post aggregation thus depends on how much information is used and may keep oscillating (“flipping”) as one keeps adding more information. Received: 16 April 2002/Accepted: 27 May 2002     

On strategy-proofness and essentially single-valued cores: A converse result

In a general model of indivisible good allocation, S?nmez (1999) established that, whenever the core is nonempty for each preference profile, if an allocation rule is strategy-proof, individually rational and Pareto optimal, then the rule is a selection from the core correspondence, and the core correspondence must be essentially single-valued. This paper studies the converse claim of this result. I demonstrate that whenever the preference domain satisfies a certain condition of `richness', if the core correspondence is essentially single-valued, then any selection from the core correspondence is strategy-proof (even weakly coalition strategy-proof, in fact). In particular, on the domain of preferences in which each individual has strict preferences over his own assignments and there is no consumption externality, such an allocation rule is coalition strategy-proof. And on this domain, coalition strategy-proofness is equivalent to Maskin monotonicity, an important property in implementation theory. Received: 22 February 2000/Accepted: 22 January 2002 I am grateful to Ryo-ichi Nagahisa, Shinji Ohseto, Hiroshi Ono, Tomoichi Shinotsuka and Shigehiro Serizawa for valuable comments. And I am indebted to two anonymous referees for useful suggestions. Especially, I owe the present proof of Lemma 2 to one referee. I also thank Yukihiko Funaki, Atsushi Kajii, Mamoru Kaneko, Eiichi Miyagawa, Tatsuyoshi Saijo, Manimay Sengupta, Yves Sprumont, Yoshikatsu Tatamitani, Manabu Toda, Takashi Ui, Takehiko Yamato, Naoki Yoshihara and the participants of the seminars in Hokkaido University, Kansai University, ISER (Osaka University), Otaru University of Commerce and Tsukuba University. All errors are my own responsiblity.     

低温外科手术器械的现状和展望

本文从工程应用角度出发,综述了目前使用的各种低温外科手术器械的性能特点和适用场合。以当前使用最普遍的LN_2式冷疗仪为例对其原理、结构作了简要说明,着重指出其制造的关键和存在的不足,并对冷疗仪的进一步发展作了展望。     

A-H键振动频率与原子价层轨道能

本文研究了原子价层轨道能与共价型分子氢化物中A-H键的振动频率v_(A-H)的关系,结果表明二者间有良好的线性关系,其计算式为: v_(A-H)=-a∑n_1E_1/∑n_1(A)+b (1) V_(A-H)=-c∑n_1E_1/∑n~(B)+d (2)利用上式计算的振动频率V_(A-H)值接近于文献值。从而验证了用韩长日方法计算电负性的合理性。     

马克思主义实践哲学在中国的早期传播

十月革命开创了世界历史的新纪元.从克利姆林宫传出来的马克思主义,对亚、非、拉人民是一个有力的号召.李大钊、陈独秀对马克思主义,特别是马克思主义哲学中的历史唯物主义给予高度重视和热情宣传,为马克思主义在中国的传播,为中国共产党的创建做出了巨大贡献.     

丁玲女性意识的演变轨迹

丁玲一生都以女性的姿态在自己的作品中探索着中国女性的生存、地位、价值等问题.左联时期,她的女性意识与阶级解放意识和社会革命意识融会在一起;抗战时期在延安,她的女性意识发展得最成熟,表达得最彻底;抗战胜利后,她的女性意识在强大的主流文化磁场中得到重现和发展.     

论马克思主义经济学的本质

随着社会经济的发展,马克思主义经济学也需要进一步创新与发展,但在坚持和发展马克思主义经济理论时,首先必须要弄清马克思主义经济学的本质是什么,关于这个问题,学术界众说纷纭,笔者认为,对于马克思主义经济学本质的研究应牢牢把握历史唯物主义的世界观,并在此基础上构建更为科学的概念、范畴和体系,或者说更为具体的方法论原则。     

The dilemma of recognition: Administrative categories and cultural diversity

Governments around the world combat inequality by means of group-specific redistribution. Some pursue redistribution that benefits groups, but also wish to avoid accentuating or even recognizing group distinctions. This poses a dilemma that they try to resolve by adjusting the category system used to target redistribution. There are three types of adjustment: accommodation (the multicultural approach), denial (the ideal-typical liberal solution), and replacement (a compromise). In replacement the targets of redistributive policies are constructed to avoid accentuation or recognition of inconvenient group distinctions, but still allow redistribution that benefits these groups. Replacement is increasingly in demand around the world because the disadvantages of multiculturalism are becoming apparent while denial is hard to sustain in the face of group inequality. The actual effect of replacement is little researched and less understood, however. Does it resolve the dilemma of recognition? Two examples–India and Nigeria–where replacement has been tried ever since the 1950s cast doubt on its viability.