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441.
Leaving the door open for “tune ups”: Challenging notions of ending working relationships in family work
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Elizabeth Claire Reimer 《Child & Family Social Work》2017,22(4):1357-1364
The working relationship is considered a central feature of direct practice with human services clients. There are many challenges when it comes time to end a working relationship, yet limited guidance for workers on successful relationship ending. This paper aims to increase understanding of the process of the ending phase of the working relationship for parents and workers working with families where child neglect is an issue. The paper draws on data from a small‐scale qualitative Australian study of perceptions of parents, family workers, and supervisors involved in eight parent‐worker relationships. Using semistructured interviews, participants were asked to explore how they experienced the relationship. The findings illuminate important aspects about the ending phase of the relationship; in particular, challenging the idea that parents' returning to services for support is a sign that the service has not provided a successful intervention. The paper challenges social workers to consider recurring parent–worker relationships similar to other professional relationships where there are episodes of service but the relationship is there to be reactivated where needed. 相似文献
442.
443.
Hoe C. Lee Andy H. Lee Michael Clinton Guicheng Zhang Michelle L. Fraser 《Journal of Housing for the Elderly》2013,27(4):335-347
ABSTRACT Fear restricts the activity of older adults, potentially leading to social isolation and unhealthy life styles. Consequently, this population remains a priority for home security research and intervention. One option is to increase home security by installing security devices. However, little is known about how older adults protect their homes. In this study, 5,582 community-dwelling older people completed a cross-sectional survey. The survey was able to document the prevalence of security measures taken by older adults. More than 70% of the respondents had security screens and key-operated deadlocks and 148 (2.7%) respondents reported no security features. Respondents living alone had the lowest prevalence of home security devices. Female living alone protected their home differently from male living alone by installing different security devices. Logistic regression analysis indicated that older adults living in detached houses feel particularly vulnerable to burglary (p < .001). These survey findings have practical implication for burglary prevention. 相似文献
444.
Many people have difficulty in generating random numbers. This difficulty suggests that potentially fabricated numbers encountered in investigations of scientific misconduct be examined for nonrandom behavior. The present paper shows that even with a conscious effort to construct random digits, many subjects are unable to produce digits with a uniform distribution. For this study, subjects were directed to try to produce random digits in three places in order to fabricate a series of “pick 3”; lottery numbers. Subjects were most successful at producing a random (uniform) distribution of digits for the leftmost place; however, success at one place was not associated with success at another. In addition, subjects did not select all digits with equal frequency. Of 8,280 digits chosen in this study, the order from most to least chosen was 1, 2, 3, 6, 4, 9, 7, 0, 8, 5. Finally, no strong correlations among subjects’ digit choices were found. The conscious effort by these subjects to produce random digits stands in contrast with the usual case of data fabrication in which the fabricator must devote a conscious effort to choose leftmost digits so the number has the magnitude desired and pays little or no attention to the fact that the rightmost digits should be random. The results of the present paper indicate that even if a data‐fabricator were aware that error digits would be examined for uniformity, success in constructing uniform error distributions is not guaranteed. The difficulty that people have in creating random error digits supports the utility of examining such digits in investigations of scientific misconduct. 相似文献
445.
Muslims in France: identifying a discriminatory equilibrium 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Claire L. Adida David D. Laitin Marie-Anne Valfort 《Journal of population economics》2014,27(4):1039-1086
We analyze the assimilation patterns of Muslim immigrants in Western countries with a unique identification strategy. Survey and experimental data collected in France in 2009 suggest that Muslims and rooted French are locked in a suboptimal equilibrium whereby (i) rooted French exhibit taste-based discrimination against those they are able to identify as Muslims and (ii) Muslims perceive French institutions as systematically discriminatory against them. This equilibrium is sustained because Muslims, perceiving discrimination as institutionalized, are reluctant to assimilate and rooted French, who are able to identify Muslims as such due to their lower assimilation, reveal their distaste for Muslims. 相似文献
446.
Field-based environmental tracer studies are commonly used to investigate hydrological and ecological processes in flowing
waters. These studies involve injecting a conservative tracer into a stream or into a near-stream well and monitoring the
surface and subsurface waters at downgradient locations. Results have been used to quantify stream velocity, inflow, outflow,
dispersion, and transient storage exchange processes. However, no single source provides a detailed methodology for conducting
these tests in streams within urbanized watersheds. Working in urban watersheds brings with it unique problems such as private
property access, vandalism, encounters with police and the lay public as well as long-term, intermittent and ephemeral hydrologic
modifications. We present such a methodology based on results of 20 tests conducted in streams with urban watersheds ranging
in size from 0.39 km2 to 60 km2 in Pennsylvania and Maryland. The tracer injection period ranged from instantaneous to 24 h with monitoring lasting from
8 h to 5 days. The methodology is demonstrated with a 5-day tracer test in which sodium bromide was injected into Dead Run,
Baltimore, Maryland for 24 h. 相似文献
447.
In this paper we examine the management of human-double-crested cormorant conflicts in urban nature areas using the Leslie
Street Spit in Toronto, Ontario as our focal study area. We examine the management perspectives of various stakeholders and
how they shift over time in response to site ecology and stakeholder input. We categorize management perspectives on a spectrum
from complete human domination to near absence of human intention. Two broad management categories emerge from this framework:
interventionist and laissez-faire. Interventionists recognized need for management of cormorants, laissez-faire argued for
no management of a cormorant colony that has deforested 24% of the site through their nesting activities. We conclude that
for urban nature areas, particularly those with a unique, rare, or contentious ecology, a hands-off, laissez-faire management
approach is not conducive to improving human-nature relations. Rather, for urban nature sites nature management must promote
a respectable balance between human and non-human life, for the long-term benefit of both. 相似文献
448.
Saravanan S Turrell G Johnson H Fraser J Patterson C 《Evaluation and program planning》2011,34(3):254-265
Training birth attendants (TBAs) provide essential maternal and infant health care services during delivery and ongoing community care in developing countries. Despite inadequate evidence of relevance and effectiveness of TBA training programmes, there has been a policy shift since the 1990s in that many donor agencies funding TBA training programmes redirected funds to providing skilled attendants during delivery. This study aimed to assess the ways in which a TBA training programme in India has been successful in disseminating evidence-based knowledge on birthing practices. TBAs practicing within 16 villages targeted by training programme initiatives were administered with structured questionnaires. The post training birthing practices of trained (24) and untrained (14) TBAs was compared and birthing practices adopted by women assisted by trained (16) and untrained (9) TBAs was analysed. Positive post training practices were hand washing, use of a clean blade for cutting the cord, immediate breastfeeding and weighing of babies. Nevertheless, the training could be further improved with up to date and evidence-based information and more comprehensive instructions. The findings suggest an integration of local and evidence-based knowledge is needed to improve the training. Raising community awareness of public health measures related to maternal and child health is also recommended. 相似文献
449.
We used a delayed non-concurrent pre- and post-intervention probe design to test the effects of a voice conditioning protocol (VCP) with 3 preschoolers with autism on (a) rate of acquisition of listener curricular objectives, (b) observing voices and the presence of adults across 3 settings, (c) selecting to listen to adults tell stories in free play setting, and (d) the occurrence of stereotypy in the story setting. The VCP conditioned voices as reinforcers for listening to recordings of voices via stimulus-stimulus pairing, which resulted in the children listening to audio recordings of voices in 90% of intervals in 5-min concurrent-operant preference tests. After voices became conditioned reinforcers, all 3 children's learning accelerated; 2 children's observing responses increased in the 3 settings; and 2 children selected to listen to stories and also showed decreased stereotypy in the story setting. The data suggest that conditioned reinforcement for observing responses may be a verbal behavior developmental cusp that acts to accelerate learning that involves listening, and that the cusp may be induced using the VCP. 相似文献
450.
Abstract The authors describe an innovative program designed to create a joint university and local municipality agency in Israel. The agency was structured to be a teaching laboratory that would offer innovative services for social work clients and a unique field placement for students. Four major goals involved joint outcomes for both university and municipality. These included (a) demonstrating evaluation research as a means of accountability and as a tool for practice; (b) using generic social work methods for work with families; (c) reaching out to difficult and high-risk clients with innovative programs; and (d) using the laboratory as a training center for welfare workers, agency supervisors, and students from all levels of the social work programs. The authors describe and evaluate each of the goals, discussing the implications for teaching and for social work practice. 相似文献