论企业循环经济运行的约束条件

在理性经济人假设条件下,企业在市场经济中的一般行为是追求经济效用的最大化;但在以生态约束为主要目标的循环经济条件下,企业的理性经济人角色应该转变为生态理性经济人角色。本文认为,企业循环经济运行的约束条件包括:从总体上要达到企业经济利益与社会利益的统一;在具体的经营过程中,要实现生态经济人理性与企业文化责任制度的密切结合;在现实的企业管理上要实现生态技术创新、企业内部生态化管理与企业间生态协同的相互统一;在政策偏好上要坚持以国有制企业为主导的基本原则。     

Research of stroke combined hyperlipidemia-induced erectile dysfunction in rat model

Abstract

Objective: The study was aimed to evaluate the influences of erectile dysfunction (ED) in a rat model of stroke combined with hyperlipidemia (HLP).

Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into control and hyperlipidemia (HLP) groups. HLP model was constructed by feeding with high-fat and cholesterol diets. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), and non-HDL were identified to check the model was success. Stroke model was established by FeCl₃. ICP/MAP value was detected to evaluate the erectile function of rats. Serum level of lipoproteins and the expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected by ELISA. Hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining of corpus cavernosum and measurement of penis length were utilized to assessment erectile function. Western blot was used.

Results: TC, TG, LDL, and non-HDL-C in serum were up-regulated, while HDL level was attenuated. After treatment, the serum lipid level recovered. From the ICP/MAP values, the erectile function of both two treatment groups recovered. The expression of PDE5A was up-regulated, while the levels of eNOS and cGMP were suppressed after surgery. The length of penis was decreased, and corpus cavernosum was damaged following HLP and stroke. However, the erectile function was recovered after treatment.

Conclusion: Stroke combined HLP caused ED through NO-cGMP-PDE5 pathway.     

网络政治参与与青年政治意识的发展

青年的网络政治参与对政治意识发展具有特殊的重要意义。青年的精英意识意味着青年政治意识的责任化,参与精神意味着青年政治意识的实践化。青年政治参与主要表现为网络政治参与,但尚存在群际隔离与互动失序、政治冷漠与政治热情相交织、政治态度倾向上的不满意度及从众性偏激增加以及网络行为的娱乐化、看客心理与"政不关己"的集体无意识等局限与误区。对于青年的网络政治参与,应当以社会利益激发其网络参与动机、引导参与方向,通过教育使青年网民成长为"组织化的公众",训练思想政治教育者成为在线"意见领袖",建立引导网络政治参与的青年教育"在线联合体",并从法律、道德、技术等方面对青年的网络表达进行多向度、发展性规制。     

从宗教的心理属性看边疆多民族地区宗教事务管理的路径选择——基于新疆南疆等地的田野调查

内聚性与边界性是宗教的基本心理属性,前者是形成民族认同意识的强大黏合力,后者是不同民族之间产生对立与冲突的重要根源。文章以作者在新疆南疆地区的田野调查为例,指出边疆多民族地区宗教事务管理中的老问题与新挑战,并从理念、组织与方式三方面提出边疆多民族地区宗教事务管理创新的路径选择。     

Competitive and Collaborative Quality and Warranty Management in Supply Chains

Product quality and product warranty coverage are two important and closely related operational decisions. A longer warranty protection period can boost sales, but it may also result in dramatically increased warranty cost, if product quality is poor. To investigate how these two decisions interact with each other and influence supply chain performance, we develop a single‐period model with a supplier that provides a product to an original equipment manufacturer, which in turn sells it to customers. Customer demand is random and affected by the length of the product warranty period. Warranty costs are incurred by both the supplier and the manufacturer. We analyze two different scenarios based on which party sets the warranty period: manufacturer warranty and supplier warranty. Product quality is controlled by the supplier, and the manufacturer determines the ordering quantity. We analyze these decentralized systems and provide the structural properties of the equilibrium strategies. We also compare the results of centralized and decentralized systems and identify the conditions under which one system provides a longer warranty and better product quality than the other. Our numerical study further shows that, in decentralized settings, when the warranty period is determined by the firm sharing the larger proportion of total warranty costs, the supply chain can achieve greater system‐wide profit. Both parties can therefore benefit from properly delegating the warranty decision and sharing the resulting additional profit. We further design a supplier‐development and buy‐back contract for coordinating decentralized supply chains. Several extensions are also discussed.     

降低农村初中辍学率和义务教育体制的改革

文章认为学生厌学和学杂费上涨是造成农村义务教育初中阶段较高辍学率的两个重要原因。在目前的办学体制下,财政投资不足是农村学校“寻租行为”合法化的理由,政府控制学杂费上升的各种努力收效不高,同时也造成了激励农村中学提高教育质量的机制缺失,很多农村中学低下的教育质量是造成学生厌学的主要原因。要降低农村初中的辍学率,较为有效的政策是部分开放农村的教育市场,改变政府财政独家承担的投资体制,改革农村教育的管理模式,引入多方资金创办民办学校,在学校收费和办学质量上,与公办学校进行竞争,培育和发展公办学校和民办学校相结合的农村义务教育体制。     

原初境域的隐匿与重现(二)——从解构理论的哲学起点到中西思想的问题谱系

学界之所以对德里达产生种种非法的误读,除了缺乏方法论的自觉之外,一个重要的原因,就是没有找到一种恰当的与解构理论相契合的参照视野。事实上,从解构理论与它所批判的对象的互文性或寄生性的角度看,解构理论已经触及到一个既是从西方思想史内部生发出的,又超越了传统西方思想史的,并与中国古典思想史息息相通的原初境域。只有把握住了这一原初境域,我们才能确定解读德里达的恰当视角。否则,我们将无法理解,解构理论对于中西方思想的走向来讲,究竟有什么价值。     

西方学界的东方转向及其应对:跨文化比较诗学评议

第二次世界大战后,西方殖民主义衰退,文明重心逐渐东移。以跨文化研究为本质特征的比较诗学在20世纪中期以后的兴起和发展,是西方学界的"东方转向"的产物,这意味着文学研究的某种重大转折或某种新的学术范式的确立。东方仅仅是包含了中国而不能等同于中国,在当今的世界文化格局中,中国作为东方多元文化中的一元,所占据的地位和影响还是比较有限的。国内的比较诗学研究基本围绕中西诗学,带有较为浓厚的"西方中心论"色彩,我们还需要向非西方和后发展国家等多方面地拓展我们的比较诗学研究。在跨文化比较诗学研究中自觉推动中国诗学,主动积极融入世界主义诗学话语建构的历史进程,赋予其新的内容与形式,这对于未来中国诗学的学术创新具有重要意义。     

价值网络的价值创造、锁定效应及其关系研究综述

通过理论综述和演绎,本文归纳了价值网络的价值创造过程以及锁定效应的理论内涵;同时,通过归纳和提炼关系模式和网络定位两大权变要素,指出了价值创造与正负面锁定效应的权变关系,为价值网络的整体演进和衰亡以及网络内部成员的发展差异提供了系统的理论支撑。     

Decision Support System of Truck Routing and Refueling: A Dual‐Objective Approach

The variable‐route vehicle‐refueling problem (VRVRP) is a variant of the network‐flow problem which seeks, for a vehicle traveling from origin s to destination d, both the route and the refueling policy (sequence of fuel stations to use between s and d) that jointly minimize the fuel cost of operating the vehicle. Commercial‐grade decision support systems that solve the VRVRP are widely used by motor carriers, but they provide heuristic solutions only. Exact methods are available from the academic side, but because they focus on minimizing costs, they tend to cut fuel costs in exchange for increased vehicle miles (which can increase fuel consumptions and pollutants emission). We propose a new approach to the VRVRP that allows carriers to jointly seek the two possibly conflicting goals; minimizing fuel cost and vehicle miles. Computational testing shows that our approach (i) outperforms the commercial software products in both goals, and (ii) finds solutions that require significantly less vehicle miles than those given by the exact method proposed in the academic literature, without incurring unacceptable increases in fuel cost.