An instrumental perspective on apologizing in bargaining: The importance of forgiveness to apologize

Although very little research in bargaining has addressed how perpetrators should deal with the aftermath of unfair allocations, it has been proposed that an apology may help the reconciliation process. Prior research, however, only focused on whether apologies can reveal positive effects on the reconciliation process but did not focus yet on whether perpetrators are actually willing to apologize. In this paper we investigate perpetrator’s willingness to apologize for a trust violation in a bargaining setting. We hypothesized that perpetrators willingness to apologize would be a function of the extent to which the victim of the trust violation is willing to forgive. This effect, however, was expected to emerge only among those perpetrators who are low in dispositional trust. The results from a laboratory study with actual transgressions and actual apologetic behavior supported our predictions and thus emphasize an instrumental view on apologizing in bargaining situations.     

Use of color lights for the detection of anomalies in quality systems

The importance of eye care in the industry is a first level topic, due to most of the assembly and manufacturing aimed companies of various products that require direct health care of their employees, specially eye care. The lighting system, the lamp features and job tasks are factors that impact over the visual performance of the worker. Each of these factors, either by themselves or in conjunction, influences the visual performance of the employee, and therefore its safety and efficacy. Some of the reported symptoms are: problem of visual fixation, eye redness, tearing, headache, blurred vision, eyelids heaviness and dry eyes, [7]. The research was developed with 48 people, 27 male and 21 female, in the range of ages of 17 to 58 years old. In the experiment were used illumination system base on Diode Emitting lights (LED's) of five different colors (White, Blue, Green, Red and Yellow), the reason of use of LED's it is because are source of monochromatic light, also it is also saving power light and low heating dissipation.     

Expectation changes and team characteristics in a participatory design process

A human factors specialist researched the expectations of a culturally and professionally diverse team throughout a year long participatory design process of a large processing facility. For a deeper understanding of high-level team expectations and characteristics, the specialist collected data and information through in-situ ethnography and traditional case study methods, personal interviews, and a questionnaire that included a likert scale rating for expectation levels. Results found that expectation levels rated extremely satisfied for individual team members and the overall team itself before and during the participatory process. In contrast, expectations for upper management from the team were satisfied before the participatory process, but changed to uncertain, to unsatisfied, to extremely unsatisfied during the process. Additionally, the participatory design team exhibited high-level team characteristics to include honesty, competence, commitment, communication, creativity, and clear expectations.     

Training in manual material handling: what is going on in the field?

During the last five years, several research review studies have revealed insufficient or even no proof that courses in manual material handling (MMH) are effective at preventing musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). These revelations are placing the current daily practice of MMH trainers under scrutiny. This study analyses how the MMH courses are organised in practice. A web-based questionnaire was developed for trainers. Only trainers giving MMH courses on a regular basis were included. The questionnaire focussed on general characteristics of the courses, content issues and organisational aspects. The results clearly indicated that the MMH courses can only be considered as a means of making employees aware of good manual handling. Not all content issues that should be addressed in effective MMH courses, are looked at in practice. This is mainly due to time restrictions that trainers experience, often imposed by the company. In conclusion, these organisational restrictions might explain the ineffectiveness of the MMH courses and should therefore be resolved.     

New working conditions and consequences on activity of home healthcare workers

Home healthcare is steadily growing in Europe. There are a number of reasons for this development: aging population, rising hospital costs, preference to stay in one's own home. Nevertheless, it has been known that home healthcare workers are frequently exposed to a variety of potentially serious occupational hazards. Furthermore, emotional labor is frequently high in this profession. This paper describes an ergonomic study conducted at a home healthcare service. The research focuses on analyzing working conditions of home healthcare aides and nurses, as well as the impacts of their work in terms of job satisfaction, well-being, emotions at work, relationships with the others and occupational stress. The study show that employee strategies are specifically centered around preserving the relationship between patients and workers and coping with the job demands. This paper also shows that home healthcare workers express emotions and conceal them from others. Finally, recommendations discussed with the manager and workers to improve working conditions in this sector led to practical proposals: for example, implementing certain equipment items better suited to difficult care, encouraging assistance between healthcare workers when operations require this through adequate organizational measures, extending work emotion-focused discussion groups with management involvement.     

Study on lumbar kinematics and the risk of low back disorder in female university students by using shoes of different heel heights

The study was taken up to investigate the effects of heel heights on lumbar kinematics and the risk of Low Back Disorder (LBD) in females. Nineteen female university students (24.5 ± 3.36 yrs) volunteered in the study. Lumbar kinematics was measured by using Industrial Lumbar Motion Monitor (iLMM). The volunteers were asked to walk for a distance of 50 meters in 3 different given conditions i.e bare foot (Heel 0), with flat heels (Heel 1) and with high heels (Heel 2). Heights of Heel 1 and Heel 2 were 1.5 ± 0.84 cm and 5.5 ± 1.70 cm respectively. The Lumbar kinematic parameters studied were- Average Twisting Velocity (ATV), Maximum Sagital Flexion (MSF) and Maximum Lateral Velocity (MLV). It was observed that all the above mentioned Lumbar kinematics - ATV, MSF and MLV increases with increase of heel heights, which in turn increases the risk of LBD. As a result of increase in Lumbar kinematic values with increase in heel heights, LBD risk has also increased. Mean and SD of the LBD risk with Heel 0, Heel 1 and Heel 2 were 16.79 ± 6.04%, 19.00 ± 7.38% and 22.11 ± 6.98% respectively. Lower stature with high heels showed higher risk of LBD than the higher stature with high heels.     

从思想启蒙到产业革命的三次循环与中国发展

50 0年的社会发展存在着如下的周期循环 :思想启蒙→政治革命→科学革命→技术革命→产业革命 ,至今已经历了三次循环 ,每次循环都把社会推向新的阶段 ,都发生思想中心、科学中心、技术中心、世界强国的转移。中国在前两次循环中落后了 ,在第三次循环后期开始加快现代化步伐 ,追赶世界先进国家     

社会网络、文化制度与求职行为:嵌入问题

“嵌入”作为新经济社会学的重要理论概念之一 ,已得到学者们的广泛认同。本文提出“双重嵌入”的概念 ,一者表示经济行为嵌入于行动者所处的社会网络之中 ,二者表示社会网络本身也是嵌入于更为广阔的文化制度背景之中的。按照这种视角 ,可以发现 :在劳动力市场中 ,求职行为嵌入于求职者所处的社会网络之中 ,同时这种网络又受到宏观的文化与制度背景的制约。可见 ,“双重嵌入”在一定程度上可以视为对嵌入理论的一项发展。借助于这一概念框架对劳动力市场进行社会学式的分析 ,将有助于解决微观行动与宏观社会结构之间的理论鸿沟问题     

现代文学营构:理性精神与创作主体思维

现代中国文学的多姿多彩是创作主体思维的结晶 ,而创作主体的各种思维模式及其功能乃是科学理性精神、人文理性精神和马克思主义理性精神共同铸造的 ,它们在现代中国文学营造中显示了重要的特质与功能。     

“第三条道路”与当代资本主义

“第三条道路”产生于经济全球化加速和知识经济出现的时代背景下 ,并随着中左政府的上台和新生中产阶级的扩大而迅速得到传播。“第三条道路”在西方之所以受到欢迎 ,是因为“第三条道路”主张政治宣称跨阶级的合作 ,强调国家干预与自由放任相结合 ;在经济上强调效率与公正的平衡 ,变消极福利为积极福利 ,建立公司社会与民主企业的混合经济。“第三条道路”是西方民主党响应时代变化而提出的一种执政理论 ,它试图为当代资本主义寻找新的出路。