重新思考群己权界:帕累托自由不可能性定理考辩

阿马蒂亚·森所证明的帕累托自由不可能性定理证明:两个似乎是不证自明的原则——最小自由原则和帕累托原则——之间是会存在冲突的。这一定理所蕴含的是一个元问题:确定自由边界的理据是什么?消解森定理中的悖论,需要形成某种合理的偏好。偏好的合理性、自由和权利边界是在历史过程中动态形成的,在不同的社会历史阶段是动态调整的。理解森定理,对于分析当下中国面对的种种权利冲突具有重要的现实意义。     

The relationship between Civil Unions and fertility in France: Preliminary evidence

This paper explores the relationship between fertility and the introduction of new laws regulating cohabitation, in a context of low fertility and high out of wedlock childbearing. We show that in France, while fertility and marriage rates moved closely together before 1999, since the introduction (in 1999) of the “Pacte Civil de Solidarité” (PACS)—a cohabitation contract less binding than marriage—this relationship is much weaker. Surprisingly, legal unions (defined as marriage plus PACS) and fertility continue to move together after this date. We provide evidence of the relationship between the introduction of PACS and fertility, utilizing the regional variation in the number of PACS per woman (PACS intensity) and the differences in fertility before and after 1999. We show that French Departments with high PACS intensity did not show a different trend in fertility before 1999 than those with low PACS intensity (excluding Metropolitan Paris). However, they did experience an increase in their fertility levels after the introduction of PACS. This suggests the need to collect better and more detailed data, in order to assess whether the recent increases in French fertility can be partially explained by the availability of PACS.     

LMS方法及其在流量数据中的应用

LMS模型是分析生长发育最常用的方法之一。本文详细阐述了LMS模型的构造原理；基于流量数据提出了费希尔信息矩阵与惩罚贝叶斯后验对数似然算法两种模型算法；利用中国健康营养调查（CHNS）1989-2011年中9年的流量数据，以所提出的LMS曲线算法为基础，通过计算BMI（Body Mass Index）绘制生长发育曲线研究我国青少年儿童生长发育情况和中年人健康问题。研究结果表明：1989-2011年间，我国0~18岁年龄段青少年儿童BMI中位数提高5%左右，生长发育高峰期有提前趋势；中年人群BMI中位数提高了10%左右，2000年后55周岁以上中年人体质差异有增大趋势。     

体域网中基于数据区分化服务的路由算法研究

针对体域网的特点和Qo S需求,本文引入了定向扩散(Directed Diffusion,DD)路由协议的思想,通过对DD算法的改进和扩展,提出适合体域网中不同数据类型传输的路由协议。在扩展原DD协议兴趣包格式的基础上,在体域网中引入中继节点,建立梯度,在数据传输阶段,确定数据优先级和队列模型,基于时延、能量二维Qo S参数,确定节点上不同优先级数据的下一跳中继节点。opnet模拟器验证实验结果表明,该路由算法能够提供不同数据业务类型的Qo S保障,并能很好的构建时延较短最优路径,优化了网络能量消耗,适合体域网路由。     

“Under the Same Quilt”: The Paradoxes of Sex Between Men in the Cultural Revolution

This article describes the paradoxes experienced by homosexual men during the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Interviews with 31 elderly Chinese gay men were carried out in four cities in China in 2011. Although homosexual men were terribly persecuted, chaotic situations and dislocations of youth from their families provided young homosexual men with a remarkable degree of personal freedom and the opportunity to explore same-sex relations. Analysis of this seemingly contradictory conflation of persecution and freedom will allow us to explore the conditions and effects of the coming of age of homosexual men in a unique epoch in Chinese history.     

A new estimator of covariance matrix

The problem of estimating a covariance matrix is considered in this paper. Using the so-called partial Iwasawa coordinates of the covariance matrix, a new improved estimator dominating the James-Stein estimator is proposed. The results of a simulation study verifies that the new estimator provides a substantial improvement in risk under Stein's loss.     

Middle Childhood Feelings Toward Mothers: Predictions From Maternal Directiveness at the Age of Two and Respect for Autonomy Currently

The goals of this study were to examine (1) stability of maternal directiveness during interactions with their children from toddlerhood to late middle childhood, (2) direct and mediated relations between mothers' directiveness when children were two years old, mothers' respect for autonomy and children's positivity and negativity toward their mothers when children were in late middle childhood, and (3) differences in these paths by ethnoracial group. Participants included 876 European‐American, 789 African‐American, and 411 Mexican‐American mothers and their children from the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project. Maternal respect for autonomy at Time 2 partially mediated an association between Time 1 directiveness and observed child positivity toward mothers at Time 2. There was also a direct inverse link between Time 1 maternal directiveness and children's observed positivity toward mothers at Time 2. Relations were similar across ethnoracial groups and for boys and girls. The discussion focuses on heterotypic stability in directive parenting and its implications for children's feelings toward their mothers.     

满族人家过大年

一进农历腊月,外面天寒地冻,隐居大山褶皱里的满族人,便铺陈开一年中最精彩的部分——婶子大娘们把浸泡的糯米磨了,包上红豆,用鏊子烙成两面金黄,然后装进仓房的泥缸里,一直吃到来年开春。中国东北地区的满族人对年的感知,似乎比其他地方早许多,尤其居住在辽东山区的满族人更是如此。山里的生活,不如大城市丰富多彩,但     

国际税法视野下透明度原则的正当性危机

美国藉由 FATCA 法案在全球推广税收透明度原则，瑞士签署“信息透明协议”昭显国内法对此原则的让步。但是由于透明度原则自身规定的欠缺，导致该原则滥用的扩大化，使其面临正当性危机。此危机具体包括主权危机、合理性危机以及合法性危机。国际社会应通过缔结税收协定时强调互惠原则、适用比例性原则和运用最密切联系原则的方式解决此危机。我国也应当在签订税收协定时，明确透明度原则的细节，坚守司法主权的底线，以及厘清透明度原则与《银行保密法》的界限。     

Dependence Assessment in Human Reliability Analysis Using Evidence Theory and AHP

Dependence assessment among human errors in human reliability analysis (HRA) is an important issue. Many of the dependence assessment methods in HRA rely heavily on the expert's opinion, thus are subjective and may sometimes cause inconsistency. In this article, we propose a computational model based on the Dempster‐Shafer evidence theory (DSET) and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method to handle dependence in HRA. First, dependence influencing factors among human tasks are identified and the weights of the factors are determined by experts using the AHP method. Second, judgment on each factor is given by the analyst referring to anchors and linguistic labels. Third, the judgments are represented as basic belief assignments (BBAs) and are integrated into a fused BBA by weighted average combination in DSET. Finally, the CHEP is calculated based on the fused BBA. The proposed model can deal with ambiguity and the degree of confidence in the judgments, and is able to reduce the subjectivity and improve the consistency in the evaluation process.