人类学笔记,还是国家与文明起源笔记--初答叶志坚先生

本文是为促进学术交流,就叶志坚先生的<是"国家与文明起源笔记",还是"人类学笔记"--与王东、刘军先生商榷>(<东南学术>2005年第3期)一文而作的.叶文对我们之前在<哲学研究>2004年第2期的<"人类学笔记",还是"国家与文明起源笔记"--为马克思晚年笔记正名>一文中关于为马克思晚年笔记正名,并将"人类学笔记"流行称谓更名为"国家与文明起源笔记"的观点及理论根据,提出了他的不同意见.对此,我们将在本文中,就叶文提出的主要问题、主要观点,其中包括叶先生本人的一些在我们看来不够妥当的观点和看法,结合我们的观点,作相应的分析和说明,与叶先生及学界同仁进行一次深入的学术探讨.我们主张,为恢复马克思笔记本来面目和马克思晚年思想原貌,应本着实事求是的科学态度,根本超越长期以来流行的"人类学笔记"错误称谓,确立对笔记的科学解释--用"国家和文明起源的历史哲学研究"来解释马克思晚年笔记,并将笔记更名为"国家和文明起源笔记".     

儿童如何参与研究：基于照片引谈法的解读

照片引谈法是一种基于艺术的研究方法。用于儿童研究能为儿童赋权增能,支持儿童借助视觉表达自身的真实生活样态,进行自我的知识建构,也能获取更多、有更好信度与效度的研究数据。儿童研究中的照片引谈法程序包括确定研究主题和目标、邀请儿童参与、选择摄影工具、明确拍摄要求、整理照片、正式引谈、分析资料形成结论七个步骤,对儿童与成人的权力反思贯穿于全过程。未来使儿童成为积极的研究参与者需要关注方法论层面的思考,增强对研究伦理的观照,融合多学科领域的理念和方法,增强包容性。     

Integrative Cycle Scheduling Approach for a Capacitated Flexible Assembly System*

This study revisits the traditional single stage, multi-item, capacitated lot-sizing problem (CLSP) with a new integrative focus on problem structuring. Unlike past research, we develop integrative cycle scheduling approaches which simultaneously address lot-sizing, capacity, and sequencing issues. Our purposes are to (1) explore the effect of sequencing on inventory levels, (2) examine the problem of infeasibility in the economic lot scheduling problem (ELSP), and (3) provide a simple methodology of generating low-cost cycle schedules in an environment with discrete shipping, dynamic demands, limited capacity, zero setup cost, and sequence-independent setup times. Our procedures are compared to benchmark cycle scheduling approaches in terms of both inventory cost and computation time under different demand scenarios, using the operating data from a flexible assembly system (FAS) at the Ford Motor Company's Sandusky, Ohio plant.     

农村生产性公共产品供应机制的思考--对鱼米之乡常德市的个案研究

“鱼米之乡”常德市的实证表明,农村生产性公共产品供应短缺状况严重。实际需求与有限财力、集权财政与地方主义、政府热心与民间冷漠的矛盾是其主因。改善农村生产性公共产品供应,帮助农村、农民彻底摆脱贫困的出路在于:加大国家投入力度,开征农村建设维护费;对生产性公共产品实行分类分级管理和市场化营运;增强农民的社会公共意识和土地主人意识。     

“生存”与“自由”:“感性活动”的辩证实质与时代价值

“感性活动”是马克思主义唯物史观的基本范畴。经创造性继承费尔巴哈“感性对象”原则与黑格尔否定的辩证法,马克思阐发了“感性活动”的物质基础与能动原则,赋予其三重规定：为生存资料需要的物质生产活动、形成社会关系社会矛盾的物质交往活动、为个性自由推翻现实矛盾的革命改造活动。马克思将人的“需要”机制作为推动和创造原则论证了感性活动从“生存”到“自由”的辩证运动过程,从而揭开了整个社会历史形成与发展之谜,确立了其哲学的实践基础,实现了对唯心主义和直观唯物主义的整体超越。而对感性活动进行生存、反思与自由的当代诠释,是为新时代中国特色社会主义主要矛盾论断找到重要哲学支撑,这既从学理上丰富了马克思主义,印证了不平衡不充分发展的特殊历史性,又在实践层面预示了实现美好生活需要的必然性,为社会创造活动提供了精神动力。     

Life Satisfaction of Rural Migrant Workers in Urban China: The Roles of Community Service Participation and Identity Integration

Abstract

China is home to approximately 245 million rural-to-urban migrant workers. The influx of migrants into urban areas has posed various challenges for local social service systems. Recently, increasing number of community services have been developed to meet the growing service demands from the migrant population. However, whether increase in community service use results in improved wellbeing among migrant workers remains critically unexplored. As such, this study examines the role of community service use in migrant workers’ life satisfaction and the potential mediating effect of identity integration in Shenzhen, China. Bootstrapped models were adopted to examine relationship among variables. Drawing from a sample of 1,087 rural-to-urban migrant workers, we found that community service use is positively correlated with both identity integration and migrant workers’ life satisfaction. Moreover, identity integration served as a partial mediator between community service use and life satisfaction. The mediating effect of identity integration was found to increase with age. This study highlights that diverse services should be implemented to address divergent needs of migrants in different age groups. Community service can also serve as a vehicle to foster integration among migrant workers in host communities, especially for older age groups. Future studies may further investigate the relationships between community social capital, community social support, quality of community-based organization and frequency of service use so as to optimize the life satisfaction of migrant workers.     

Issue Information

In 2017, the number of applications for care orders in England and Wales was the highest ever recorded at 14,207. This is a significant factor, contributing to the rise in the number of children who are looked after, which is at the highest level since 1985. The authors reflect on the recently published Care Crisis Review 2018, a sector‐led review, which examines the reasons for the rise in care proceedings and the number of children in care. The review sought to identify changes to policy and practice within local authorities and the family justice system, in an attempt to divert cases away from the family courts and to reduce the number of children in care, where it is safe to do so. Whilst the legislative framework is largely effective and the system generally works well, there is insufficient funding and resources to meet the needs of children and their families when they seek help, regardless of whether this is at an early stage or when they are in crisis and most in need of care and protection.     

We Don’t Belong Here: Adolescents of North Korean Refugee Families and Their Suicidal Behaviors

Despite the increasing number of studies that examine the link between immigration and suicide in Korean youths, most have focused on self-harming behaviours among adolescents in multicultural families, while much less attention has been directed towards those in North Korean (NK) refugee families. This paper addresses this gap by comparing three determinants of suicidal behaviours across three groups of Korean adolescents. Data are drawn from the KYRBS, a nationally representative sample of students in middle and high schools, and the results indicate that NK youths were 87.2 per cent more likely to have suicidal ideation than their South Korean peers, that they are 3.7 times more likely to experience suicidal plans and 4.1 times more likely to attempt suicide. These results clearly suggest that immigrant youths, including NK refugees, are confronting significant difficulties with assimilation, and those disadvantages lead to a higher propensity of self-threatening behaviours.     

凝固型大米风味酸奶的研制

用大米蛋白或大米蛋白水解物部分替代牛乳粉生产大米风味酸奶,以谷糠乳杆菌和乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种为发酵菌种,以酸度和感官为评价指标,通过大米蛋白及其水解物添加量、大米蛋白水解度、乳糖补加及蔗糖添加研究对大米风味酸奶酸度和感官的影响。结果表明,大米风味酸奶的酸度和感官评分随大米蛋白添加量的增加而降低。产品酸度随大米蛋白水解度增加而增大,大米蛋白水解度为7.5%时感官得分最高;产品酸度和感官评分随大米水解物添加量增加而降低,大米蛋白水解物添加量在40%以下时,均可生产出合格的大米风味酸奶。补加乳糖对产品酸度和感官无显著影响。添加蔗糖对产品酸度无显著影响,但对产品感官影响显著,蔗糖添加量在4~6%时,大米风味酸奶的感官得分最高,表现为色泽均匀,质地较细腻,未见乳清析出,凝乳稳定,口感较细腻柔滑,酸甜度适中,米香风味浓郁。     

Social investment effects of public education,health care,and welfare service expenditures on economic growth

The purpose of this study is to theoretically and empirically examine whether public spending in education, health care, and welfare service operates as a fruitful investment in welfare states, which has been implied in the literature of social investment arguments. Based on comprehensive review of existing literature, this study suggested a tripartite mechanism of social investment effect of such spending, that is “enhancement of human capital,” “support for labor force participation,” and “job creation.” To find the empirical evidence, a pooled time‐series cross‐section analysis was conducted with the data of 15 advanced welfare states from 1980 to 2015 using estimation technique of fixed‐effect model. The results confirmed that public spending in education, health care, and welfare service had a positive medium‐term as well as long‐term effect on economic performance, while cash‐type welfare spending had an obscure or no visible effect on economy. Government consumption that is a proxy and control variable of size of the welfare state showed a positive effect on real GDP in the medium term but a negative effect in the long run. In conclusion, this study suggests that reinforcing social services should be recognized and dealt with as essence of social investment strategy.