New Ways to Promote Proenvironmental Behavior: Promoting Sustainable Behavior: An Introduction to Community-Based Social Marketing

Most programs to foster sustainable behavior continue to be based upon modelsof behavior change that psychological research has found to be limited. Although psychology has much to contribute to the design of effective programs to foster sustainable behavior, little attention has been paid to ensuring that psychological knowledge is accessible to those who design environmental programs. This article presents a process, community-based social marketing, that attempts to make psychological knowledge relevant and accessible to theseindividuals. Further, it provides two case studies in which program planners have utilized this approach to deliver their initiatives. Finally, it reflects on the obstacles that exist to incorporating psychological expertise into programs to promote sustainable behavior.     

DECISION MAKING INVOLVING SEQUENTIAL EVENTS: SOME EFFECTS OF DISAGGREGATED DATA AND DISPOSITIONS TOWARD RISK*

This paper concerns human processing of disaggregated data in a business decision setting involving sequential events. Subjects currently employed in trust banking institutions chose between two mutually exclusive alternatives in a series of decision trials. The outcome for each alternative was the result of a two-stage process; an unsuccessful outcome resulted from failure at either the first or second stage. The probabilities of success at each stage and the overall (joint) probability of success were provided for each alternative. Participants showed strongest preferences for an optimal (expected-value) strategy in processing the data; however, significant preferences for two suboptimal strategies also were observed. Preferences for suboptimal strategies were influenced by the magnitude of differences in the alternatives' joint probabilities of success, by the magnitude of differences in the alternatives' stage probabilities of success, and by subjects' dispositions toward risk.     

“Site Fights”: Explaining Opposition to Pipeline Projects in the Developing World1

Fifty years ago, the main challenges to large infrastructure projects were technical or scientific. Today, the greatest hurdles faced by such projects are almost always social and/or political. Whether constructing large dams in the developing world or siting liquefied natural gas terminals in the United States, the onset of these projects often triggers intense popular opposition. But not always, and therein lays the animating aim of this project. We undertake a systematic comparative case analysis of mobilization efforts against 11 oil and gas pipeline projects spanning 16 countries in the developing world. Using theories from the social movement and facility siting literatures and the technique of fuzzy set/qualitative comparative analysis (fs/QCA), we examine the “causal conditions” linked to political and legal opposition to these projects. We find that both Western funding of projects and public consultation serve as necessary political opportunities encouraging mobilization. In addition, not compensating the host country for involvement in the project is linked to mobilization. Finally, some risk from the project, in the form of environmental or social impact, is associated with mobilization; however, this impact does not have to be very significant for mobilization to occur.     

数据驱动的电子健康服务管理研究：挑战与展望

 电子健康的产生和发展为解决现阶段医疗资源的紧缺和分配不均、医患关系紧张等问题提供了新的途径，同时也带来了新的问题和挑战，而当前关于该方向的基础理论和方法尚不完善，亟待研究者和实践者的关注和探索。结合国内外研究现状，对电子健康服务包含的4个主要方向(即健康大数据分析、基于数据的健康评估和疾病预警、服务管理和价值创造、服务管理实践)进行回顾和梳理，并对中国的研究和实践现状进行详细分析。        基于数据驱动的电子健康服务管理的实践和研究现状，对当前研究中存在的问题进行分析和总结，主要包括由于健康数据的多源性导致的信息管理问题、多参与方导致的服务管理问题和管理实践问题。在此基础上提出健康大数据分析方法、数据驱动的健康评估和疾病预警、基于大数据的电子健康服务过程和管理机制研究、基于大数据的电子健康可持续性价值创造机理研究和管理实践研究5个未来研究方向，健康大数据分析方法包括有偏样本数据检验和矫正方法、纵向研究中健康大数据分析方法、中文医疗信息处理，数据驱动的健康评估和疾病预警包括基于电子病历和移动医疗的个人健康评估和疾病预警、基于电子病历和社交媒体的群体疾病监测和预警，基于大数据的电子健康服务过程和管理机制研究包括用户决策、服务传递和服务管理，基于大数据的电子健康可持续性价值创造机理研究包括用户持续使用、反馈有效性，为今后的电子健康相关研究提供理论和实践指导。     

Patterns of abuse in male same-sex relationships

Previous studies of abuse in male same-sex relationships have been limited by convenience samples and/or by incomplete assessments of partner abuse. We examined patterns of same-sex partner abuse in a random sample of 284 gay and bisexual men. Respondents reported on perpetration and receipt of physical, psychological, and sexual abuse over multiple time frames, as well as injuries resulting from abuse. Almost all respondents reported psychological abuse, more than one-third reported physical abuse, and 10% reported having engaged in unwanted sexual activity because of partner force or threats of force. More than half of recipients of partner violence reported sustaining injury. We found strong associations between different forms of abuse, and between severity of abuse receipt and perpetration.     

Meditation lowers stress and supports forgiveness among college students: a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE AND PARTICIPANTS: The authors evaluated the effects on stress, rumination, forgiveness, and hope of two 8-week, 90-min/wk training programs for college undergraduates in meditation-based stress-management tools. METHODS: After a pretest, the authors randomly allocated college undergraduates to training in mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR; n = 15), Easwaran's Eight-Point Program (EPP; n = 14), or wait-list control (n = 15). The authors gathered pretest, posttest, and 8-week follow-up data on self-report outcome measures. RESULTS: The authors observed no post-treatment differences between MBSR and EPP or between posttest and 8-week follow-up (p > .10). Compared with controls, treated participants (n = 29) demonstrated significant benefits for stress (p < .05, Cohen's d = -.45) and forgiveness (p < .05, d = .34) and marginal benefits for rumination (p < .10, d = -.34). CONCLUSIONS: Evidence suggests that meditation-based stress-management practices reduce stress and enhance forgiveness among college undergraduates. Such programs merit further study as potential health-promotion tools for college populations.     

环保清洗剂——二氧化碳的妙用

全球日益变暖的危机使二氧化碳成为众矢之的，大家正为如何减少二氧化碳的排放而大伤脑筋，但二氧化碳除了用来制造汽水等碳酸饮料、保存食物或舞台特效的干冰，或做为灭火材料之外，难道没有其它利用价值吗？