Konvergenz, Divergenz Oder Hybridisierung?

Zusammenfassung In der aktuellen Globalisierungsliteratur gibt es verschiedene Thesen zur Entstehung einer Weltkultur. Sie lassen sich schlagwortartig als Konvergenz, Divergenz und Hybridisierung bezeichnen. Dabei wird von unterschiedlichen Wirkungsmechanismen und Voraussetzungen globaler Kulturentwicklung ausgegangen. Um hier zu begründeten Einsch?tzungen zu kommen, wird ein Modell skizziert, mittels dessen die Beziehungen zwischen der globalen und der lokalen Ebene zu fassen sind. Die drei Thesen zur Entstehung von Weltkultur unterstellen spezifische Konstellationen dieser Ebenen und neigen zu übergeneralisierungen. Verschiedene dieser Selektions-und Wirkungsbeziehungen werden in den Blick genommen. Es wird gefragt, welche globalen Kultureffekte die mit Modernisierung verbundenen sozialstrukturellen Ver?nderungen haben. Da kulturelle Prozesse nicht auf strukturelle Bedingungen reduziert werden dürfen, sondern eine Eigenlogik entfalten, müssen die Mischungen zwischen globaler und lokaler Kultur gesondert analysiert werden. Die Herausbildung einer Weltkultur l?uft in der alltags?sthetischen, der normativen und der kognitiven Dimension jeweils anders ab. Zum Schluss wird mit der „Standardisierung von Differenzen” eine These pr?sentiert, die die globale Kulturentwicklung besser erfasst als die g?ngigen Annahmen.     

Using social marketing to increase the use of helmets among bicyclists

In this study, the authors investigated a social marketing intervention to increase the use of bicycle helmets on a university campus in the southeastern United States. Focus groups of students developed a bicycle helmet program slogan and logo (ie, "The Grateful Head"). The authors trained student bicyclists who already used helmets (n=15) as peer agents. These agents provided bicycle helmet information and asked fellow bicyclists to sign a pledge card to wear a helmet. They gave a coupon for a free helmet to those who pledged to wear a helmet. The authors received a total of 379 pledge cards and distributed 259 helmets. Bicycle helmet use rose from a baseline mean of 27.6% to a mean of 49.3% by the last week of the intervention.     

Youth tobacco sales-to-minors and possession-use-purchase laws: a public health controversy

Tobacco use among youth remains one of our nation's most significant public health problems, and yet available evidence from prevention and cessation person-centered approaches has been mixed. Given these disappointing outcomes, some have recommended more public health approaches, and these include tobacco sales-to-minors and possession-use-purchase laws. While community members and police officials have endorsed these types of public health initiatives, many within the public health community have been either guarded or even oppositional to such approaches. The primary reasons for this controversy are reviewed in this article. Outcome studies indicate that sales-to-minors laws can be an effective step toward the reduction of youth access to commercial sources of tobacco. However, even with these laws in place, many youth indicate that they continue to have easy access to tobacco, often by means of social sources. Advocates of these approaches have argued that more comprehensive public health interventions are needed, such as programs that combine youth access and possession-use-purchase laws. This article reviews the ongoing debate behind these types of public health efforts, and examines the evidence of such programs to reduce youth tobacco use.     

Workplace discrimination and missing limbs: the national EEOC ADA research project

Using the Integrated Mission System of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the employment discrimination experience of Americans with missing limbs is documented. Researchers compare and contrast the key dimensions of workplace discrimination involving Americans with missing limbs and persons with back and other non-paralytic orthopedic impairments. Specifically, the researchers examine demographic characteristics of the charging parties; the industry designation, location, and size of employers against whom complaints are filed; the nature of discrimination (i.e., type of adverse action) alleged to occur; and the legal outcome or resolution of these complaints. Findings indicate that persons with missing limbs were more likely to encounter discrimination if they were male, under 20 or over 65 years of age, and White or Native American. They were also more likely to encounter more frequent discrimination when they worked for employers in the Southern United States, those with 200 or fewer employers, or whose industry designation involved manufacturing, construction, or transportation. Finally, the nature of job discrimination experienced by Americans with missing limbs is more likely to involve hiring, promotion, or job training than other issues. Implications for policy and advocacy are addressed.     

Struktur und Entwicklung der Controllingforschung — Eine Zitations-und Kozitationsanalyse von Controllingbeiträgen in deutschsprachigen wissenschaftlichen Zeitschriften von 1970 bis 2003

Zusammenfassung  Controlling ist eine vergleichsweise junge Teildisziplin der Betriebswirtschaftslehre, die sich mittlerweile in Praxis und Wissenschaft etabliert hat. Das Wissen über seine Entwicklung ist in weiten Teilen noch unscharf und weitgehend durch „anecdotal evidence” bestimmt. Die Autoren verfolgen daher in ihrem Aufsatz das Ziel, einen Beitrag zum besseren Verst?ndnis der Strukturen und Entwicklung der deutschsprachigen Controllingforschung zu leisten. Hierfür analysieren sie die Zitations-und Kozitationsstrukturen in 643 Beitr?gen zu Controllingthemen, die im Zeitraum von 1970 bis 2003 in sechs führenden wissenschaftlichen Zeitschriften im deutschen Sprachraum ver?ffentlicht wurden. Diese Beitr?ge enthalten insgesamt 18.125 Quellen. Im Ergebnis der Analysen zeigt sich, dass das Zitierverhalten in der Controllingforschung im Vergleich zu anderen betriebswirtschaftlichen Teildisziplinen durch eine Reihe von Besonderheiten gepr?gt ist und dass sich die Strukturen der deutschsprachigen Controllingforschung über die Zeit stark ver?ndert haben.

---

Structure and development of research on controlling — a citation analysis papers on controlling in German speaking journals from 1970 through 2003

Summary  Controlling is a relatively young discipline in the field of business administration, which has now established itself in practice as well as in theory. Our knowledge about its development is for the most part still diffuse and dominated by anecdotal evidence. In their paper, the authors pursue the goal of contributing to a better understanding of the structures and the development of the German-speaking research in controlling. For this purpose, they analyze the citations-and co-citations structures of 643 articles, focusing on controlling aspects published in six leading Germanic academic journals between 1970 and 2003. These papers comprise a total of 18,125 sources. The results of the analyses show that the attitude to cite in controlling research, compared to other disciplines in business administration, is characterized by a number of features. Furthermore, the structures of German controlling research have changed significantly over time.

     

Coaching zwischen Qualitätsproblemen und Professionalisierungsbemühung Thesen zur Entwicklung des Coachings

Coaching has a problem of charlatanism — a typical problem of new, mainly not structured fields of practices. Besides preventing charlatans from practising, an identification of them is not possible, because of missing standards in education, inconsistent quality criteria, and weak internal professional regulations. The uncontrolled problem of charlatanism — coaching is a special case here— causes an erosion of legislation. The results are multiple efforts of professionalization. This text presents an hypothesis of the problem of charlatanism in coaching, based on 25 interviews with personal development managers, representatives of professional organizations, and observers of the “coaching scene”.     

ASSESSMENT OF INTERPERSONAL FUNCTIONS: DEVELOPING MEASURES TO AID THE FUNCTIONAL FAMILY THERAPIST

One of the cornerstones of the functional family therapy model proposed by Alexander and Parsons (1982) is the assessment of interpersonal functions, which has traditionally been accomplished through intuition and clinical judgment. In this study, 109 college freshmen were recruited to evaluate the test-retest reliability of a videotaped scenario measure and a questionnaire designed to assess interpersonal functions. Subjects responded to both measures during an initial assessment phase and then again, during a second assessment phase, 2 weeks later. Pearson product-moment correlations and average agreement percentages indicate that both measures have adequate reliability. There were no sex differences, nor were subjects' responses related to a measure of social desirability.