闯荡上海溥东的外地小老板

进入九十年代，有一支外地小老板组成的队伍在浦东开发中孕育发展。笔者通过对300名在浦东从事各行各业的外地小老板的调查透视．对这些人的治安管理人面的问题作一些探讨。外地小老板的概念与基本状况俗称的“外地小老板”，即指外地来沪的，在国家法律、法规和政策规定的范围内，自拥资产、自主经营、自负赢亏、自用亡雇用．从事工业、建筑业、交通运输业、商业、饮食业、服务仆、修理业和科技咨询等行业的生产经营者。浦东是ZO世纪末全国最大规模的开发区，开放与开发浦东所产生的热效应辐射到全国各地。调查结果表明．300名外地小老板…     

以草代药防治兔病

蒲公英 又名黄花地丁，婆婆丁，具有清热解毒、消肿、利胆、抗菌消炎作用。能防治家兔肠炎、腹泻、肺炎、乳房火。用法：采鲜草直接喂兔，或取干品5克，煎水内服，每兔每日2次，连用3-5天。     

关于价值规律作用认识上的一个偏差

以社会经济制度划线,认为资本主义社会价值规律必定盲目起作用,社会主义便能自觉运用价值规律,这在理论上是值得商榷的,也与实际情况不符。不论何种社会制度,对于商品生产者来说都有一个能不能正确地认识和自觉运用价值规律的问题。在原有高度统一集中的计划经济管理体制下,所谓“自觉运用价值规律”,只不过是一种良好的愿望而已,在实际执行过程中却严重地忽视、违背了价值规律。市场竞争是价值规律起作用的必要条件,要发展商品经济,真正按价值规律办事,必须确立市场观念,树立竞争意识,参予市场竞争。     

市民权利价值观的社会调查

权力是指在社会管理、组织机构中占有特殊位置、握有社会特殊资源，而具有影响他人行为与心理的力量，其中包括行政权力、司法权力与法人权力。权力人即指拥有这些影响力量的人。权利是指公民依照法律、法规和文化观念、道德规范而应占有的资源和享受的权益。权利人即应该拥有这些资源和权益的人。中国正处在社会变革与社会转型时期。原有的制约行为和社会规范因受到冲击而减弱，导致某些权力行为或权利行为失控。变革所触发的观念与行为“变异”，则导致了某些新的权力行为或权利行为的出现。在新的社会控制机制尚未成熟的情况下，这两方面…     

乐生亦乐死

“安乐死”一词，出自希腊文：EUTHANASIA，原意是指善终、无痛苦的死亡，快乐的死亡或尊严地死去。人类对安乐死的认定，最早可溯于两千多年前的古希腊。著名医生希波克拉底认为：“不要去治疗那些已被疾病完全征服的人，须知医学对他们是无能为力的。”后来的十七世纪英国哲学家弗兰西斯·培根，对此有了更明确的诠释：“医生的职责不但是治愈病人，而且还要减轻他的痛苦和悲伤，这样做不但有利于他的健康恢复，而且也可能当他需要时，使他安逸地死去。”这里，我们可以看作是生存于华夏以外的人类，对“安乐死”的最初的朦胧的认识。…     

19世纪末俄国期刊关于李鸿章的述评

李鸿章在19世纪末的三十余年间曾是中国政府要人,他对于中国的内外政策都具有重要影响。这一时期中国正成为世界政治的中心,李鸿章这一人物尤其引起国外的关注。这一时期的时事报道,经常有李鸿章的名字出现,并纷纷刊载有关他生平及活动的文章。     

外国历史学家论林则徐(一)

从总体来看，外国历史文献并未对林则徐形象在中国的形成有什么实质性的影响；这有几个原因：首先，尽管林在外国的汉学界知名度相当大，但直接谈他的论著却不多，中华人民共和国的研究者们也显然不大知道。再则，外国汉学家们对林则徐的态度存在着千差万别。林则徐在广州的坚决举措一下子就吸引了当年因各种原因远留中国的外国人的注意。关于他的举措以及他本人，可以在《中国丛报》杂志上读到。高级殖民官员德·弗·戴维斯（一泽德庇时）在1852年也出版了两卷集，其中对林在广州的活动给予了相当大的注意。作者称林的举措是“癫狂行为”，…     

Organization and implementation of China's national sampling survey on fertility and birth control

The Planning and Statistical Department of the State Family Planning Commission of China in July 1988 implemented a fertility and birth control survey in China on 2.16 million married women ages 15-57 using stratified, systematic, clustered, and non-proportionate sampling. 3 questionnaires were used: household, married women, and sample unit covering basic status, family planning status, general characteristics of pregnancy and contraception, population flow, deaths since 1981, and socioeconomic status. The authors suggest several international cooperative research projects including: design of fertility and contraception survey; Chinese population growth; Chinese population dynamics; dynamics of marital and family status; fertility; contraception and birth control; mortality; migration; status of the nationalities of China; population development; regional fertility status; and others. Data from the survey will be available in June 1989.     

Current status of and prospects for China Population Information Centre

The China Population information Centre (CPIC), set up in May 1980, is a national institution for population information research under the State Family Planning Commission. Its main functions are to 1) collect, process, and distribute and foreign materials on population and family planning; 2) collect, tabulate, and analyze population and family planning data; 3) keep abreast of new population and family planning developments within and outside the country; 4) edit and publish information materials; and 5) provide information users with diversified services. The CPIC has 8 operational units: 1) the Library, 2) the Statistics Division, 3) the 1st Information Research Division, 4) the 2nd Information Research Division, 5) the Editorial Division, 6) the Translation Division, 7) the Computer Division, and 8) the Technical Support Division.     

Measures to facilitate the return and reintegration of highly skilled migrants into African countries

A very large number of skilled Africans are found to be operating in the developed industrialized countries of the West at a time when their national economies are crying out for their services. Ways must be found to return as many of these skilled Africans as possible to the African economy. This out-migration or brain drain has a number of causes, including: 1) real incomes in Africa have been on the decline in the past several years while prices were constantly rising. Professional and salaried workers seek employment in other countries that pay much higher salaries. 2) Promotion on criteria other than merit is common in Africa and diligence and high productivity are not often rewarded. 3) Political interference frustrates public services professionals; they are rendered unable to use their professional judgement in making decisions that affect the economic and social fabric. 4) The inadequacy of higher education facilities and opportunities in African countries encourages the brightest and best qualified Africans to go to Western Europe and North America for school; they tend not to return after graduation. 5) Political upheavals and general instability contribute to feelings of individual insecurity, sending Africans to seek sanctuary in more politically stable and less repressive environments. Actions needed to control this out-migration include: 1) incentive systems should be reviewed with a view to providing realistic levels of renumeration and working conditions should be made to promote job satisfaction and self-actualization. 2) Capacities and capabilities should be strengthened so as to ensure that production of goods and services becomes indigenized and that the development and operation of institutions emanates from within the continent. 3) Educational services should be expanded and improved to obviate the need for large numbers of Africans to seek educational opportunities abroad.