领导权理论与后现代思潮

英国著名教授E·拉克劳以其拓展马克思主义的革命理论而闻名,并成为西方“后马克思主义”的著名代表人物之一。在其代表作《领导权与社会主义策略》(“Hegemony”一词,曾有“文化霸权”等译法;但本文译者认为,在拉克劳的著作中,他主要是在“国家、革命、阶级和革命的领导者”等意义上来谈论这一范畴的,所以在这里把“hegemony”译为“领导权”)一书中,拉克劳把马克思主义的领导权理论与后结构主义等当代“时髦”理论相结合的尝试引人注目,但也备受争议。为此,他在另一本著作《我们时代革命的新反思》一书中,系统地回答了《领导权与社会主义策略》一书中的有关问题。这些问题涉及其领导权理论与社会主义革命在当今社会现实中所面临的理论困境,包括革命的主体、阶级的构成、阶级斗争、对立和认同等等。此外,领导权理论还涉及其与现代西方哲学思潮的内在逻辑联系,如胡塞尔的现象学、维特根斯坦的后分析哲学、德里达的解构主义以及其他的后现代主义理论等。针对这些理论和现实问题,拉克劳一一进行了认真的回答和阐述。英国《新左派评论》编委会的部分成员罗宾(Robin Blackburn)、彼德(Peter Dews)和安娜(Anna-Marie Smith)于1988年5月策划专访拉克劳。以下访谈是从拉克劳《我们时代革命的新反思》一书中选译     

德国关于电子电气设备的闭环供应链研究：一种生态效益计算方法

近来关于闭环供应链网络的文献中提出了两个重要问题：（1）如何制定平衡环境和经济效益的优化方案；（2）如何深刻理解二者间的效益背反关系。本文认为，针对环境和经济闭的效益边界及其背反关系进行全面探索，可以有效解决环境保护和经济发展中的效益平衡问题。为了解决求解效益边界的多变量问题，本文设计了一个针对目标函数中的数值进行指数计算的生态效益算法，并在德国电子电气设备闭环供应链设计中进行了实证研究。     

一种新的国际经济政策

在美国总统的所有行政举措中,国际经济政策的主要驱动因素一向是促进国内经济繁荣和保护美国的国际安全利益。然而,在过去的半个世纪里,在制定政策通过在多边关系中发展贸易机会来促进美国冷战同盟国的经济力量时,安全利益占了绝对优势。美国市场的规模对这一政策起了很大的推动作用。在美国对冷战时态度暧昧的贫困国家的援助计划中,国际安全利益也是基石。的确,在与共产主义斗争最激烈的阶段,人们很容易得出这样的结论,用克劳塞维茨(Clausewitz)的话说,就是美国的国际经济政策“只是政治以其他形式的继续。”不过,与共产主义冲突的结束改变了上述两种驱动因素在美国国际经济政策中的相对重要性。     

Problem Gambling Within a Chinese Speaking Community

The purpose of this study was to obtain preliminary data on pathological gambling rates within a metropolitan Chinese community to determine if more costly extensive epidemiological surveys were justified. Two thousand survey questionnaires were distributed to parents through children attending a local Chinese speaking school. A response rate of 27.4% was obtained. Over a quarter of respondents were born overseas in either Mainland China or Hong Kong. Results indicated that gambling was not a popular activity with 60.0% of respondents stating that they never gambled. Of those who gambled, a third of respondents identified lotto as the preferred form. Using a Chinese translation version of the SOGS and a cut-off score of 10, a prevalence estimate of 2.9% for pathological gambling was found with males showing a higher rate (4.3%) as compared to females (1.6%). Respondents reporting a prior history of gambling in their country of origin were more likely to be classified as probable pathological gamblers. Despite the use of a sample of convenience, changes to the wording of two items in the Chinese translation of the SOGS and the possibility of false positive cases in the present study, it is concluded that further research into problem gambling in this community should be undertaken.     

通往学科际研究之路

引言 来到亚历山大这样一处历史圣地,置身于国际社会科学理事会（International Social Science Council）暨国际哲学人文科学理事会（International Council for Philosophy and the Humanistic Sciences）大会的满座高朋之中,我感到的不是有点敬畏,而是很高兴。     

The impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on kinship resources for orphans in Zimbabwe

The extended family has been recognized as a major safety net for orphans in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the mortality crisis associated with HIV/AIDS may drastically reduce the availability of relatives and thus undermine traditional forms of mutual support. In this article, the microsimulator SOCSIM is used to estimate and project quantities such as the number of living uncles, aunts, siblings, and grandparents available to orphans. The model is calibrated to the setting of Zimbabwe, using data from demographic and Health Surveys and estimates and projections of demographic rates from the United Nations. The article shows that there is a lag of more than ten years between the peak in orphanhood prevalence and the peak in scarcity of grandparents for orphans. The results indicate that a generalized HIV/AIDS epidemic has a prolonged impact on children and orphans that extends well beyond the peak in mortality. A rapid increase in the number of orphans is followed by a steady reduction in the number of living grandparents for orphans. Consequently, the burden of double orphans (both of whose parents have died) is likely to shift to uncles and aunts. In Zimbabwe, the number of living uncles and aunts per double orphan decreased between 1980 and 2010, but it is expected to increase progressively during the next few decades. Changes in kinship structure have important social consequences that should be taken into account when seeking to address the lack of care for orphans.     

马来西亚的小民族:塞芒人、塞诺人、贾昆人

马来半岛的土著居民塞芒人、塞诺人和贾昆人,据1978年统计总共有4.5万人。马来人称他们为“奥朗阿斯利”(土人),“奥朗胡坦”(林中人),“奥朗达兰”(内地人),“奥朗布基特”(丘陵人),“奥朗乌