私立研究中心:拉美高等教育发展现状与变化

在拉丁美洲,私立研究中心引领了社会和政策领域的研究热点.与公立大学相比,它们发展得更成熟,成果更丰富,也更具影响力.巴西私立高等教育由不同文化背景的、具有历史沿袭的团体组织构成,毕达哥拉斯学院是其中新兴的第三种办学模式,堪比凤凰城；智利的高等教育日益向私有化发展,私立高等教育已经成为高等教育的主导,并利用有限的经费获得了较高的学术能力；墨西哥私立高等教育类型多样,低端或需求满足型学校数量众多；乌拉圭是拉美最后一个批准私立高校的国家,其私立高等教育发展较迟的原因在于天主教对社会的影响较小、公立教育的质量较高以及国家对私立高校的约束较强,但私立高等教育仍与公立高等教育在研究生教育领域展开了新的竞争.本刊已连续四期刊登菲利普·G.阿尔特巴赫《私立高等教育:全球革命》(2005年)一书的部分文章,这期刊登该书有关拉丁美洲私立高等教育的相关文章,以飨读者(标题系编者所加).     

解决方案式营销才能卖高价!

大多数企业的销售方法已经过时,它们要做的是卖价值而不仅仅是卖东西,是帮客户解决问题,而不仅仅是提供某种产品。今天的市场环境要求销售人员能够准确把握买方所处的销售阶段,了解他们的需求点。     

苏联民族学近五年的回顾与前瞻

苏联民族学正处于两个五年计划之交,应当对它前五年的发展作一主要总结,为后五年的民族学研究勾画出基本的发展前景。前五年,苏联民族学保持了传统民族学作为历史知识的一个专门领域的优良成果,在从广泛的历史角度认识和阐述当代世界的族体一民族过程及其发展预测方面,迈出了明显的一步。同时,它和人类学、民俗学、社会学、地理学、人口学、医学、心理学等学科之间,发展了广泛的联系。对民族学理论问题的研究更加重视。研究方法扩展了,丰富了。群众性调查、预测、资料的电脑处理等,尤其得到广泛运用。苏联民族学家从民族学是关于民族(народ—зтнос)·的科学这一观点出发,继续深入研究了本学科的一般理论问题。民族理论的一些重要方面,如确定民族在其他人类共同体中     

苏联伊斯兰教与民族

伊斯兰教是苏联的第二大宗教。1979年,苏联总人口为26,200万人,其中穆斯林有4,400万人。他们居住在中亚和哈萨克斯坦、南高加索和伏尔加河中游一带。当前,苏联是世界上穆斯林人口最多的第五个国家,仅次于印度尼西亚、巴基斯坦、印度和孟加拉。在苏联,每六个公民中就有一名穆斯林。由于俄罗斯人和其他斯拉夫人(乌克兰人和白俄罗斯人)出生率十分低,而穆斯林各族     

在改革中建立自我约束机制

现在有人把整顿经济秩序、治理经济环境理解为经济发展停顿,担心会影响搞活。显然,这种担心是没有必要的。整顿和治理不仅是全面深化改革的必要条件,而且其中许多措施本身就是改革的重要内容。整顿、治理是为了解决物价失控、通货膨胀、市场混乱等问题,同时也为扫除障碍、发展生产创造良好条件。我们在发展经济中,微观搞活的措施不少,宏观调控却往往不配套。治理、整顿就是要建立宏观调控体系,让企业在治理、整顿中生存和发展,而不是一整就停,一治就死。     

在公共服务递送中运营共同生产：服务蓝图的贡献

本文认为,公共服务应从以产品为主导的逻辑转向服务途径。通过采取服务导向,公共服务递送的经验性、组织间和系统性,以及作为共同生产者的服务使用者角色,将一同被考虑。论文将通过服务蓝图的应用,解释共同生产如何操作。并介绍了高等教育中的一个案例。在这一案例中,蓝图的创建将师生汇聚在一起,专注于学生入学的设计,从而改善学生体验,并支持共同生产。      

Contraceptive use patterns within females' first sexual relationships: the role of relationships, partners, and methods

This study used the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) to assess whether characteristics of females' sexual partners, relationships, and choice of contraceptive methods were associated with contraceptive use patterns within their first sexual relationship. White, black, and Hispanic females under age 25 (N=915) provided retrospective information on sexual activity and contraceptive use for first sexual relationships that occurred between 1991 and 1995. Females with older sexual partners and with same race/ethnicity partners (among Hispanics) had reduced odds of ever using contraception and/or uninterrupted use. Longer sexual relationships were associated with higher odds of ever using contraception but lower odds of uninterrupted use. Females who were older at first sex, who used hormonal methods (among whites), or who switched to more effective methods during their first sexual relationships had higher odds of ever using contraception and/or uninterrupted use. In contrast, switching to less effective methods during a first sexual relationship was associated with reduced odds of uninterrupted use.     

Characteristics of children in residential treatment in New York State

This study addresses three questions about the population of children and families served in the highest level of care in the child welfare system in New York State residential treatment centers (RTCs): (1) How prevalent are emotional and behavioral problems in the youth entering RTCs? (2) Has the proportion of youth with such problems increased compared to 10 years ago? (3) Are there identifiable subgroups of youth entering RTCs? One-fourth of RTC admissions in fiscal year 2001 were randomly selected from a representative sample of 16 RTCs. The study completed a standardized data collection instrument based on a review of agency records, and included information that was known at the time each child was admitted. The results show significant increases compared to t10 years earlier in the proportion of youth with mental health problems and juvenile justice backgrounds. The findings suggest that youth who traditionally have been served by other systems of care are now being served in the child welfare system. The increased treatment needs of these youth and the heterogeneity of the RTC population have important implications for policies, programs, and practice.     

Effectively addressing mental health issues in child welfare practice: the family connection

Nonprofit family-run organizations, such as Tennessee Voices for Children (TVC), are providing leadership in advocating for and delivering services to children and families in need. Utilizing a family-driven approach and a staff partially comprised of parent-professionals, TVC's Nashville Connection and Family Connection programs have strengthened families by providing alternatives to state custody for children and families living with serious emotional or behavioral problems. TVC's Nashville Connection and Family Connection programs did this by coordinating support services, building community bridges, and providing comprehensive in-home services.