Parenting practices as potential mechanisms for child adjustment following mass trauma

Trauma research has identified a link between parental adjustment and children's functioning and the sometimes ensuing intergenerational impact of traumatic events. The effects of traumatic events on children have been demonstrated to be mediated through their impact on children's parents. However, until now, little consideration has been given to the separate and more proximal mechanism of parenting practices as potential mediators between children's adjustment and traumatic events. To shed some light in this arena, we review literature on trauma, adversity, and resilience, and discuss how parenting practices may mediate trauma and adverse environmental contexts. Using a social interaction learning perspective (Forgatch & Knutson, 2002; Patterson, 2005), we propose a prevention research framework to examine the role that parenting practices may play in influencing children's adjustment in the wake of trauma exposure. The article concludes by providing a specific model and role for evidence-based parenting interventions for children exposed to mass trauma.     

Multi-couple reflecting team: preliminary report

The aim of therapeutic help in marital crisis is to break the vicious circle of mutual hurtful accusations. The method that the authors present below involves a group of couples working within a closed cycle of meetings. In the course of successive group meetings, the various couples act as reflecting teams (RTs) for each other. This achieves two objectives: the couple recounting their crisis receives nonthreatening feedback, which helps them to implement positive changes and break out of the self-perpetuating destructive interaction. In addition, the couples acting as the RT learn nonjudgmental, nontheorizing and affirmative communication.     

Everyday health communication experiences of college students

OBJECTIVE: The authors examined college students' day-to-day health communication experiences. PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 109 midwestern university students participated in the study. METHODS: The participants completed health communication diaries for 2 weeks, generating 2,185 records. Frequent health topics included nutrition and diet, minor health concerns, risky health practices, and body fitness. RESULTS: Approximately 27% of health communication experiences involved the proactive seeking of health-related information or advice. Interpersonal venues (face-to-face, telephone, and e-mail) were evident in about 75% of the records, which were dominated by exchanges with friends and family members. The authors found modest interactions of topic, channel, and purpose. CONCLUSIONS: Congruent with the uses and gratifications theory, the authors found that satisfaction with and perceived impact of health communication experiences varied by topic, channel, relationship, and purpose.     

Child abuse in the context of domestic violence: prevalence, explanations, and practice implications

This article addresses the following questions: (a) How common is child abuse among domestically violent families? (b) Are there specific patterns of child abuse among domestically violent families? (c) What may explain occurrences of child abuse in domestically violent families? (d) How might domestic violence affect treatment for child abuse? We review research on child abuse in the context of domestic violence. We discuss implications of this research for service-delivery programs for domestically violent families.     

Policy tenure under the U.S. National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)

In the United States, insurance against flood hazard (inland flooding or storm surge from hurricanes) has been provided mainly through the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) since 1968. The NFIP covers $1.23 trillion of assets today. This article provides the first analysis of flood insurance tenure ever undertaken: that is, the number of years that people keep their flood insurance policy before letting it lapse. Our analysis of the entire portfolio of the NFIP over the period 2001-2009 reveals that the median tenure of new policies during that time is between two and four years; it is also relatively stable over time and levels of flood hazard. Prior flood experience can affect tenure: people who have experienced small flood claims tend to hold onto their insurance longer; people who have experienced large flood claims tend to let their insurance lapse sooner. To overcome the policy and governance challenges posed by homeowners' inadequate insurance coverage, we discuss policy recommendations that include for banks and government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) strengthening their requirements and the introduction of multiyear flood insurance contracts attached to the property, both of which are likely to provide more coverage stability and encourage investments in risk-reduction measures.     

战略决策过程:批判性回顾与未来研究展望

本文在对以往文献进行回顾的基础上,构建了一个战略决策过程的整合框架。该框架将决策过程特征的前置因素(环境因素、组织因素和决策专有因素)及其过程结果和经济结果整合在一起。依据该框架,本文对重要的实证研究文献进行了综述,指出了主要的研究模式以及研究成果中的矛盾之处。在综述的基础上,文章还探讨了本研究对于理论构建、研究方法和管理实践的启示,并指出了未来研究的一些方向。     

知识管理和知识管理系统:概念基础和研究课题

知识是一个广泛而抽象的概念——早在古希腊时代,西方哲学已经使用这一概念来界定认识论上的争议。然而,在最近的几年,越来越多的学者倾向于将知识视为一种重要的组织资源。信息系统研究人员顺应了组织知识和知识管理的发展趋势,在信息系统的基础上发展出了知识管理系统(KMS)。知识管理系统的目标是支持组织中知识的创造、转移和应用。知识和知识管理是复杂多面的概念,因此,从已有的丰富文献中,挖掘并找到知识管理的理论基础,这将对知识管理系统的有效开发和应用提供支撑。更确切地说,知识管理系统应该以相关领域现有的重要文献为基础展开研究。本文回顾并解释了不同领域中有关知识管理的理论文献,同时确定了重要的研究领域。我们提出了一个详细的组织知识管理的过程观点,并重点关注了信息技术在知识管理过程中的潜在作用。依据文献回顾和知识管理过程的分析,我们围绕知识管理过程和信息技术在该过程中的支持作用讨论几个重要的研究课题。     

几个欧洲国家继续工程教育的比较研究

一、欧洲国家继续教育的法规建设在英、法、德、意、荷、西班牙六国中,尽管有的国家有“继续教育法”,有的有“职业培训法”,或者是想完善有关继续教育方面的法律,但没有一个国家有法国那样健全的继续教育法规。大多数国家的法律确立了继续教育的原则或规定了国家、地方和企业三者间应分担的职责和义务;一些国家的法律规定了继续教育工作基本上由大学来完成;只有法国对所有企业的继续教育经费的多少作了明确规定,其他五国则没有。 1.企业的资金预算和资金筹措我们所选六个国家的基本法都规定继续     

世界各民族人口迁移简述

战后几十年来,人口迁移的特点发生了相当重大的变化。在迁移发展过程中,除了经济因素经常起着重要作用外,政治因素(新的国家建立、国界变化、民族解放斗争、各国的政治经济改革等等)对决定迁移方向具有越来越大的意义。有时,迁移还受民族和宗教动因的制约。随着都市化的发展速度日益加快,仍然是从农村到城市的移民规模最大。     

Thailand population statistics] as of April 1, 1994

This one page profile gives population statistics for April 1994 in Thailand. Total population is estimated to be 58,656,000 persons, of whom 29,310,000 were male and 29,346,000 were female. The population was 18,019,000 in urban areas and 40,637,000 in rural areas. Regional population was distributed as follows: 7,532,000 in the Northern Region, 19,773,000 in the Northeastern Region, 7,174,000 in the Southern Region, 14,652,000 in the Central Region excluding Bangkok Metropolis, and 7,525,000 in Bangkok Metropolis. 35,669,000 women were of reproductive age (15-44 years). As regards the general population, 19,614,000 were aged 6-21 years, 35,669,000 were aged 20 years or older, 16,893,000 were aged under 15 years, 37,481,000 were aged 15-59 years, and 4,282,000 were aged 60 years or older. The crude birth rate was 18.5/1000 total population. The crude death rate was 6.4/1000 total population. The natural growth rate was 1.2%. The infant mortality rate was 34.5/1000 live births. Life expectancy at birth was 67.7 years for males and 72.4 years for females. Life expectancy at 60 years was 18.8 years for males and 22.0 years for females. The total fertility rate was 1.95 children/woman. Contraceptive prevalence was 75.0%. Population is expected to increase to 71,414,000 persons in the year 2012. A separate graph indicates the estimated numbers of child prostitutes based on five different assumptions about total numbers of commercial sex workers in 1993.