经济与加拿大的民族社区

根据经济的需要和在不同时期对农民、伐木工人、铁路工人、建筑工人、熟练工人和非熟练工人、职员和专业人员的需求,加拿大的移民政策逐年发生着变化。自从加拿大成为英联邦成员国以来,国家的民族和文化构成情况也发生了很大的变化:1931年 1931年盎格鲁-克尔特人 60％ 40％法兰西人 33％ 27％其他民族 7％ 33％民族加拿大人(ethnic Canadians)在加拿大的发展中曾做出过巨大的贡献,诸如修筑横贯加拿大的铁路,在荒原开辟农场,以及兴建众多的加拿大城市。然而,由于这些工作大都属体力劳动性质,此类贡献也多被埋没。近些年来,随着移民法的改变,许多高级熟练工人来到加拿大,并带来他们宝贵的专业经验。本文即准备从国内和国际两个方面,探讨这种     

在公共服务递送中运营共同生产：服务蓝图的贡献

本文认为,公共服务应从以产品为主导的逻辑转向服务途径。通过采取服务导向,公共服务递送的经验性、组织间和系统性,以及作为共同生产者的服务使用者角色,将一同被考虑。论文将通过服务蓝图的应用,解释共同生产如何操作。并介绍了高等教育中的一个案例。在这一案例中,蓝图的创建将师生汇聚在一起,专注于学生入学的设计,从而改善学生体验,并支持共同生产。      

情绪化进食量表在高校大学生中应用的信效度检验——以黄山学院为例

为考察情绪化进食量表在黄山学院中的适用情况,采用EES对600名黄山学院大学生进行施测,同时施测正负性情绪量表（PANAS）,采用探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析、相关分析、信度检验、方差分析进行研究。结果表明：（1）情绪化进食量表的正式量表包括17项条目;（2）经探索性因素分析发现中文版EES由4个因子构成,共解释63.934%的方差变异;（3）验证性因素分析表明量表的4个因素结构模型拟合良好;（4）情绪化进食量表的信效度良好,信度分析表明总量表的α系数为0.879;（5）女生在积极情绪方面显著高于男生,在抑郁情绪、焦虑情绪、敌对情绪3个因子上差异不显著。总之,EES中文版具有良好的信度和效度,可以作为测量情绪加工的有效工具在黄山学院大学生中使用。     

环北京地区生态环境与生态灾害历史研究

北京从金代海陵王营建中都,历金、元、明、清、民国,至今已建都近千年。在漫长的历史时期中,随着地区经济的发展和人口的增多,北京及其周边地区的生态环境不断被破坏,各种生态灾害愈演愈烈。自然灾害的加剧反过来又激化了社会矛盾,影响了历史的进程。本文对历史文献记载的生态灾害进行了回顾,就其原因及应对措施作了分析和探讨。     

Opportunities for woman-initiated HIV prevention methods among female sex workers in southern China

Rapid changes in China over the past two decades have led to significant problems associated with population migration and changing social attitudes, including a growing sex industry and concurrent increases in STIs and HIV. This article reports results of an exploratory study of microbicide acceptability and readiness and current HIV prevention efforts among female sex workers in two rural and one urban town in Hainan and Guangxi Provinces in southern China. The study focused on these women's knowledge and cultural understandings of options for protecting themselves from exposure to STIs and HIV, and the potential viability and acceptability of woman-initiated prevention methods. We report on ethnographic elicitation interviews conducted with women working within informal sex-work establishments (hotels, massage and beauty parlors, roadside restaurants, boarding houses). We discuss implications of these findings for further promotion of woman-initiated prevention methods such as microbicides and female condoms among female sex workers in China.     

Does subliminal exposure to sexual stimuli have the same effects on men and women?

Three studies explored gender differences in explicit and implicit components of sexual arousal following brief exposure to a sexual stimulus. Whereas Study 1 assessed reports of sexual arousal following subliminal exposure to a sexual or a neutral picture, Studies 2 and 3 examined the effects of the same priming procedure on accessibility of sex-related thoughts assessed with a pictorial judgment task and a lexical decision task. The subliminal sexual prime did not have an effect on men's reports of sexual arousal, but caused women to report lower levels of sexual arousal. In contrast, the same subliminal sexual prime led to higher accessibility of sex-related thoughts in both men and women. It is therefore suggested that the subliminal sexual prime causes women to activate sex-related mental contents but to experience the result as somewhat aversive.     

Contraceptive use patterns within females' first sexual relationships: the role of relationships, partners, and methods

This study used the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) to assess whether characteristics of females' sexual partners, relationships, and choice of contraceptive methods were associated with contraceptive use patterns within their first sexual relationship. White, black, and Hispanic females under age 25 (N=915) provided retrospective information on sexual activity and contraceptive use for first sexual relationships that occurred between 1991 and 1995. Females with older sexual partners and with same race/ethnicity partners (among Hispanics) had reduced odds of ever using contraception and/or uninterrupted use. Longer sexual relationships were associated with higher odds of ever using contraception but lower odds of uninterrupted use. Females who were older at first sex, who used hormonal methods (among whites), or who switched to more effective methods during their first sexual relationships had higher odds of ever using contraception and/or uninterrupted use. In contrast, switching to less effective methods during a first sexual relationship was associated with reduced odds of uninterrupted use.     

Characteristics of children in residential treatment in New York State

This study addresses three questions about the population of children and families served in the highest level of care in the child welfare system in New York State residential treatment centers (RTCs): (1) How prevalent are emotional and behavioral problems in the youth entering RTCs? (2) Has the proportion of youth with such problems increased compared to 10 years ago? (3) Are there identifiable subgroups of youth entering RTCs? One-fourth of RTC admissions in fiscal year 2001 were randomly selected from a representative sample of 16 RTCs. The study completed a standardized data collection instrument based on a review of agency records, and included information that was known at the time each child was admitted. The results show significant increases compared to t10 years earlier in the proportion of youth with mental health problems and juvenile justice backgrounds. The findings suggest that youth who traditionally have been served by other systems of care are now being served in the child welfare system. The increased treatment needs of these youth and the heterogeneity of the RTC population have important implications for policies, programs, and practice.