Factor Analysis Revisited – How Many Factors are There?

We suggest a procedure to improve the overall performances of several existing methods for determining the number of factors in factor analysis by using alternative measures of correlation: Pearson's, Spearman's, Gini's, and a robust estimator of the covariance matrix (MCD). We examine the effect of the choice of the covariance used on the number of factors chosen by the KG rule of one, the 80% rule, the Minimum average partial (MAP), and the Parallel Analysis Methodology (PAM). Extensive simulations show that when the entire (or part) of the data come from heavy-tail (lognormal) distributions, ranking the variables which come from non symmetric distributions improves the performances of the methods. In this case, Gini is slightly better than Spearman. The PAM and MAP procedures are qualitatively superior to the KG and the 80% rules in determining the true number of factors. A real example involving data on document authorship is analyzed.     

A test for second order stochastic dominance

In this paper we propose a test for second order stochastic dominance (SSD), for the case where both distribution functions are unknown. This is a generalization of a test proposed by Deshpande and Singh (1985), who compare a new random prospect with a known distribution function. We then show that our test is based on comparing the mean minus one half of Gini's mean difference of the distributions, which is known to be a necessary condition for SSD, as developed in the economics literature (Yitzhaki, 1982).     

Nonparametric statistical procedures for the changepoint problem

Let X₁,…,X_r?1,X_r,X_r+1,…,X_n be independent, continuous random variables such that X_i, i = 1,…,r, has distribution function F(x), and X_i, i = r+1,…,n, has distribution function F(x?Δ), with -∞ <Δ< ∞. When the integer r is unknown, this is refered to as a change point problem with at most one change. The unknown parameter Δ represents the magnitude of the change and r is called the changepoint. In this paper we present a general review discussion of several nonparametric approaches for making inferences about r and Δ.     

Women, crime and justice in Israel: An update

Drawing upon research on women in crime and justice, this study examines patterns of female crime and processing of female offenders in Israel over five decades. The data indicate that crime patterns of Israeli women and the criminal justice response to their transgressions show remarkable stability and are similar to those discerned in other Western countries. The article concludes that findings about women in crimed and justice in Israel are congruent with feminist insights and explanatory mechanisms offered to explain female crime. Edna Erez is Professor and Chair of the Justice Studies Department at Kent State University. She has also served as the editor of Justice Quarterly and is on the editorial board of several professional journals. Yael Hassin was a senior lecturer at the Institute of Criminology, Law Faculty of the Hebrew University. Dr. Hassin passed away in November 1996. She was the recipient of the grants from the Wexler Foundation and the Sacker Institute of the Law faculty, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, which funded the data collection efforts of a previous version of this paper (Erez and Hassin, 1997). Giora Rahav has taught at Tel Aviv University, Florida State University, and the University of Michigan. His major area is criminology and the sociology of deviance.     

Transforming Social Group Work Learning into Competencies for Interprofessional Teams

This article describes how social work and social group work strategies are used to enhance social work student participation in an interprofessional education program (IPE) that includes social work and five health care disciplines. Concurrently, social work students take part in a small group to assist them in the application of their social group knowledge to their IPE experience. Interprofessional collaborations between social work and health care can work toward alleviating health inequalities and poor access to health services. Social work has a crucial and significant role within these teams because of the profession’s focus on individual well-being, within the context of their social environment and support systems.     

A nonparametric test for detecting changes in location

Procedure for the changepoint problem based on Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon statistics is studied in Schechtman and Wolfe (1981). In this paper we give tables for the null distributions of the statistics for the one-sided and two-sided alternatives. We also report on some Monte Carlo power comparisons involving another nonparametric competitor, proposed by Pettitt (1979).     

Alternative measures of benefit for nonmarket goods which are substitutes or complements for market goods

Nonmarket goods include quality aspects of market goods and public goods which may be substitutes or complements for private goods. Traditional methods of measuring benefits of exogenous changes in nonmarket goods are based on Marshallian demand: change in spending on market goods or change in consumer surplus. More recently, willingness to pay and accept have been used as welfare measures. This paper defines the relationships among alternative measures of welfare for perfect substitutes, imperfect substitutes, and complements. Examples are given to demonstrate how to obtain exact measures from systems of market good demand equations.Thanks also to the very helpful anonymous reviewers for Social Choice and Welfare.Thanks to Professor Deb Brown, Purdue University, for her encouragement and help over the period in which this paper was written.