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91.
Annemiek T. Harder Erik J. KnorthMargrite E. Kalverboer 《Children and youth services review》2011,33(12):2482-2488
Many adolescents who make the transition to adulthood experience problems after their departure from secure residential care. Research suggests that these young people are often in need of support after they have left secure care. Little is known about the experiences and perceptions of adolescents during and after this transition. The aim of this article is to assess these experiences for a group of 24 adolescents in the Netherlands that have left secure residential care. The results show, in line with previous studies, that many adolescents experience problems during their transition from secure care, especially with regard to finances, school and employment, and living arrangements. In contrast to other studies, a majority of the adolescents reports to have received support in the year following their departure. Relatively few adolescents move to independence after their departure, which suggests that many adolescents are not ready for making a true transition into adulthood yet. 相似文献
92.
Tor Jacobson Erik von Schedvin 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2015,83(4):1315-1371
Using an exhaustive data set on claims held by trade creditors (suppliers) on failed trade debtors (customers), we quantify the importance of trade credit chains for the propagation of corporate bankruptcy. We show that trade creditors experience significant trade credit losses due to trade debtor failures and that creditors' bankruptcy risks increase in the size of incurred losses. By exploring the roles of financial constraints and creditor‐debtor dependences, we infer that the trade credit failure propagation mechanism is driven by both credit losses and demand shrinkage. Finally, we show that the documented propagation mechanism constitutes a significant part of the overall bankruptcy frequency, suggesting that it has measurable implications for the aggregate level. 相似文献
93.
94.
Weight matrices, such as used in network autocorrelation models, are useful to investigate social influence processes. The objective of this paper is to investigate a key topic that has received relatively little attention in previous research, namely the issues that arise when observational limitations lead to measurement errors in these weight matrices. Measurement errors are investigated from two perspectives: when relevant ties are omitted, and when irrelevant ties are erroneously included as part of the matrix. The paper first shows analytically that these two situations result in biased estimates. Next, a simulation experiment provides evidence of the effect of erroneously coding the weight matrix on model performance and the ability of a network autocorrelation test to identify social influence effects. The results suggest that depending on the level of autocorrelation and the topology attributes of the underlying matrix, there is a window of opportunity to identify and model social influence processes even in situations where the ties in a matrix cannot be accurately observed. 相似文献
95.
A review of speech identification studies examining the abilities of listeners to distinguish African American and European American voices shows that Americans can recognize many African American voices with a high degree of accuracy even in the absence of stereotypical morphosyntactic and lexical features. Experiments to determine what cues listeners use to distinguish ethnicity have not yielded such consistent results, perhaps suggesting that listeners may access a wide variety of cues if necessary. An experiment involving African Americans with features of a European American vernacular demonstrated that African Americans with atypical features are difficult for listeners to identify. Analysis suggested that vowel quality and intonation could have misled respondents but did not rule out timing and voice quality as factors in identification. 相似文献
96.
97.
Summary Population dynamics ofHeliothis virescens (F.) andHeliothis zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs and larvae were studied for two years in a small plot of cotton,Gossypium hirsutum (L.). Due to morphological and ecological similarities, the pooledHeliothis population was considered for most of the analyses. Two generations ofHeliothis eggs and larvae were completed during each year. Stage recruitment was estimated for the eggs and larval instars 2–6, and
recruitment variances were estimated by a Monte Carlo method. A modified form of the Weibull distribution was developed and
used as a model to characterize survivorship curves for each of the fourHeliothis generations. A Type I survivorship curve (mortality rate increasing with age) was inferred for both Generation 1 (early season)
data sets, whereas a Type II survivorship curve (mortality rate constant and thus independent of age) was inferred for both
Generation 2 (late season) data sets. The shapes of the survivorship curves for the individualH. virescens andH. zea populations were inferred to be the same as those for the pooled populations. Analysis of the contributions of various factors
toHeliothis stage-specific mortality indicated that natural enemies (predators and parasites) and the availability of food for larvae
were responsible for between-generation differences in survivorship patterns. 相似文献
98.
Erik Masthoff Fons Trompenaars Guus Van Heck Paul Hodiamont Jolanda De Vries 《Social indicators research》2006,76(2):165-184
Studies examining relationships between demographic variables in a general population of psychiatric outpatients and quality
of life (QOL), in which QOL was assessed according to current recommendations, have not been performed yet. The aim of this
study was to examine one particular aspect of this relationship: the question to what extent QOL scores can be predicted by
demographic variables. In a sample of adult Dutch psychiatric outpatients (n=495), demographics were recorded and the participants completed a questionnaire for measuring QOL (WHOQOL-100). The relationships
of the demographic variables with the WHOQOL-100 domains Social Relationships and Environment, were stronger than those with
the domains Physical Health and Psychological Health. The latter had only significant relationships with educational level
and sick leave, which explain little of the variance of the concerning QOL domain. In general, the demographic characteristics
used, explained only a relatively small part of the variance in QOL scores. An exception was sick leave, which, in participants
with a job, explained an extensive part (27.4%) of the variance of scores on the domain Physical Health. 相似文献
99.
Carl Erik Särndal 《Journal of statistical planning and inference》1982,7(2):155-170
The paper presents a general randomization theory approach to point and interval estimation of Q linear functions Tq = ΣN1ckqYk(q = 1,…,Q), where Y1,…,YN are values of a variable of interest Y in a finite population. Such linear functions include population and domain means and totals, population regression coefficients, etc. We assume that some auxiliary information can be exploited. This suggests the generalized regression technique based on the fit of a linear model, whereby is created approximately design unbiased estimators T?q. The paper focuses on estimation of the variance-covariance matrix of the T?q for single stage and two stage designs. Two techniques based on Taylor expansions are compared. Results of Monte-Carlo experiments (not reported here) show that the coverage properties are good of normal-theory confidence intervals flowing from one or the other variance estimate. 相似文献
100.
The Role of Joint Attention in Later Development Among Preterm Children: Linkages Between Early and Middle Childhood 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Joint attention is a hallmark of human cognition. It refers to the capacity to coordinate attention to objects and events with attention to other people. Infants display considerable individual differences in this capacity. This longitudinal study of 13‐month‐old preterms was conducted to examine the hypothesis that two different types of joint‐attention skills assessed in an infant–tester paradigm are related to verbal and nonverbal IQ measures through middle childhood. Data are reported separately for the children's tendency to initiate such skills and to respond to an experimenter's offers to share in such behaviours. The results provide support for the hypothesis that the initiation of joint attention makes a unique contribution to later nonverbal IQ apart from variance associated with biomedical risk status and infant development. The results of this study have implications for the conceptualisation of joint‐attention skills, as well as for understanding the relation between joint attention and later cognition. 相似文献