Texas college students' opinions of no-smoking policies, secondhand smoke, and smoking in public places

Abstract. The authors examined college student opinions of no-smoking policies, secondhand smoke, and smoking in public places. A convenience sample of 1,188 (66.4% female; 26.9% White, 64.1% Black, and 9.0% Hispanic) students attending 5 Texas colleges volunteered to complete a 60-item anonymous survey on tobacco attitudes and behaviors. Results of our study showed that women, Black students, and nonsmoking students reported the most favorable attitudes toward no smoking. Male students, white students, and students who smoked in the past 30 days (current smokers) reported the least favorable attitudes. The lowest level of agreement by all subgroups was provided for prohibiting smoking everywhere on campus (inside and outside of buildings). Implications for tobacco control on college campuses are discussed.     

Personality analysis of a swingers' club

Thirty swingers (16 females, 14 males) from a private metropolitan swinging club volunteered to take the MMPI. One half of the 30 had significant elevations on the clinical and/or validity scales, most frequently on the 9 scale (Hypomania). One third of the sample with normal MMPI scale elevations had significant elevations on validity scales that indicate defensiveness in responding. Analysis of a selected group of special scales of the MMPI indicated that a significant minority of the subjects 1) may be seriously emotionally disturbed, 2) may be substance abusers, or 3) may have serious sexual problems. The MMPI records suggest further that the absence of significantly elevated clinical scales among the normal subgroup may have been a function of defensiveness. On the other hand, most of the subgroup evidencing psychopathology possess ego resources sufficient to enable them to cope with emotional problems.A paper based primarily on the clinical scale analysis was read by the senior author at the meeting of the Society for Sex Therapy and Research, Charleston, SC, 1982. A paper based primarily on the special scale and critical item analyses was read by the junior author at the Eastern Regional meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sex, Philadelphia, PA, 1982. The authors are grateful for the cooperation of Dr. Robert L. McGinley in the collection of the data of this report. Address requests for reprints to: Eugene E. Levitt, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 791 Union Drive, Indianapolis IN 46223.     

氮供给对中度水分胁迫的番茄植株渗透调节的影响

对造成水分亏缺的沙土盆栽的番茄植株 (Lycopersionexcalentum Mill)设置了 3种施氮水平 ,研究其对渗透调节的影响。采用每日滴灌的方式 ,使植株保持在田间持水量水平的土壤中 ,直至胁迫发生。每处理灌溉量为 1 0 0ml,氮 0 (N0 )处理为荷格兰特 (Hoagland)培养液 ;氮 1(N1 )处理为Hoagland培养液加 60mmolNO-3 ;氮 2 (N2 )处理 :为Hoagland培养液加 1 1 0mmolNO-3 。停止灌溉 3d后 ,叶片渗透调节百分率 (叶片实际渗透势占供水良好状态下叶片渗透势的百分数 )分别为N0植株 44%,N1植株 63%,N2植株 2 9%。停止供水 8d后的百分率与之相似。在停止供水 3d后 ,对一些植株恢复每天灌溉。当胁迫解除结束时 (灌溉 8d后 ) ,叶片渗透势较低 ( - 1 .8MPa) ,在Nl中仍保持着渗透调节的状态 ( 39%) ,这与水势降低的情况下 ,膨压的保持有关。结果表明 ,N1处理可能具有增强番茄植株避脱水性和耐脱性的效应     

Acyclic triplets and social structure in complete signed digraphs

This report is a study of the relationship between certain systems of signed acyclic triplets representing relationships among three actors and the properties of the graphs which they generate. It is a method of investigating macro-structure based on micro-structural properties. The motivation stems from the work of Cartwright and Harary, Davis, Leinhardt and Holland on affective ties, which we generalize. After showing the connections between our approach and theirs, we develop some new models that go beyond affect and positive sentiment.     

Spiritual development: a missing priority in youth development

Addressing the spiritual development of young people has the potential to strengthen youth work and its outcomes. Spiritual development matters because it is an intrinsic part of being human and because young people themselves view it as important. This article reviews the research that points to positive impacts of spiritual development for youth and notes that in an increasingly pluralistic society, everyone needs to build skills for negotiating religious and spiritual diversity. The authors propose that spiritual development involves, in part, the dynamic interplay of three dimensions: belonging and connecting, awareness and awakening, and a way of living. Three initial challenges and opportunities are emerging: empowering youth to explore core developmental issues, motivation and focus, and multisector engagement.     

The environmental efficiency of well-being: A cross-national analysis

Recent research has conceptualized sustainability as the environmental efficiency of well-being (EWEB). This concept takes into account the benefits societies are able to produce from their demands on the environment. Research along these lines indicates that countries vary widely in the efficiency with which they transform the Earth’s resources into well-being. Here, we take up this finding as a puzzle to be explained. We construct a new measure of EWEB using the ecological footprint per capita (a measure of environmental consumption) and average life satisfaction (a measure of subjective well-being). We draw hypotheses from political economy, modernization, and sustainable consumption theories in the environmental social sciences. Using full information maximum likelihood estimation, we test the effects of climate, political, economic, and social factors on EWEB with a sample of 105 countries. Key findings include a negative quadratic effect of economic development on EWEB, a negative effect of income inequality, and a positive effect of social capital.