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41.
Frances McLernon Ed Cairns Miles Hewstone Ron Smith 《The Journal of social issues》2004,60(3):587-601
As societies like Northern Ireland, Israel, and South Africa strive to resolve social conflict, there is growing theoretical and empirical interest in the role of intergroup forgiveness. This study examined intergroup forgiveness among 340 young adults in Northern Ireland. A short form of the Enright Forgiveness Inventory explored possible influences on propensity to forgive. All participants were Catholic and female (mean age 17.36 years), and had experienced verbal or physical injury or bereavement due to the Northern Irish political violence. Overall forgiveness levels were low in comparison with previous studies of interpersonal forgiveness but similar to previous studies of intergroup forgiveness in Northern Ireland. The strongest (negative) predictor of forgiveness was the perceived degree of hurt caused by the injury . 相似文献
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Aimee D. Prawitz M.S. Frances C. Lawrence Ph.D. Peggy S. Draughn Ph.D. Patricia J. Wozniak Ph.D. 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》1994,15(1):37-51
The study is conducted to determine families' rankings of characteristics they consider most important when selecting a nursing home. Friedman's two-way analysis of variance is used to test for differences in the rankings. In response to a mailed survey, 231 families rank the characteristics in the following order: quality of care, appearance, atmosphere, location, reputation, building safety, quality of food, cost, and activities. Relationships are also found between the rankings and the demographic characteristics: gender, marital status, education, income, number of homes available, patient/respondent relationship, and distance respondent lived from the chosen home. 相似文献
44.
To expand health care coverage to uninsured, low-income children, the Congress created the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) in 1997. Given ample evidence that state Medicaid programs have failed to enroll many eligible children, experts questioned whether SCHIP could successfully enroll low-income children. Using Georgia state SCHIP data, we analyzed enrollment patterns and identified factors contributing to program enrollment. This study found that the children's enrollment is explained by perceived costs and benefits of joining the program as well as the underlying family structure, demographic factors, and health status. We discuss implications of these findings on the participation of low-income families in public sector programs. 相似文献
45.
Brenda Gardner John Rose Oliver Mason Patrick Tyler Delia Cushway 《Work and stress》2005,19(2):137-152
Transactional models of stress emphasize the importance of cognitive appraisal of potential stressors in the determination of the stress response. This appraisal can be modified by the use of techniques normally associated with cognitive therapy. The contribution of a specifically cognitive component when intervening in work-related stress has not been well evaluated to date. This research seeks to determine the effectiveness of stress management training in the treatment of the work-related effects of stress by comparing the role of modifying dysfunctional cognitions with the teaching of appropriate behavioural coping strategies. Participants were allocated to one of two intervention conditions or to a waiting list control group. Those in the intervention conditions received group stress management either with the focus on delivering cognitive therapy techniques or with the focus on behavioural coping skills. Measures of general health were taken at the beginning and end of intervention and at 3-month follow-up. Participants in the cognitive therapy groups who were reporting symptoms of general ill-health at the start of the intervention showed a significant improvement at follow-up. Cognitive therapy appears to have been an effective intervention in work-related stress. Those in the behavioural group showed a smaller but still clinically effective improvement. Results are discussed in terms of methodological issues and implications for future research. It is suggested that changes in cognitive appraisal may need to be developed. 相似文献
46.
Carol Brooks Gardner 《The American Sociologist》1989,20(1):42-56
In this study, I discuss critically some of Goffman’s work on public places, with regard to how that work represents women’s
experience in public and how women’s experience changes the notions of public places that Goffman portrayed. I draw on an
eighteen-month participant observation of one small city (Santa Fe, NM) and a set of in-depth interviews done with both female
and male residents of the city. Here, I concentrate on three areas: the normalized distaste for public places that is encouraged
in women by their fear of crime in public and the measures they are informed they must take as crime-conscious pedestrians
and shoppers; street remarks that are often difficult to manage and impossible to resolve successfully; and access information—information
the woman discloses that can be used as a clue to her identity and home and, potentially at least, as ammunition for further
harassment of her. I use these areas to illustrate how gender-conscious appraisal is necessary in order to appreciate the
character of public places.
Her book,Urban Ritual, is forthcoming from University of California Press. 相似文献
47.
Frances K. Goldscheider 《Demography》1995,32(3):471-480
This paper argues that the field of household and family demography serves a critical role in the development of our understanding of the determinants and consequences of population trends. Like the community, families and households are situated between the two levels at which demographic research is ordinarily conducted — the individual and the nation-state. The results of the papers in this issue are used to illustrate the critical ways that intergenerational and gender relationships shape demographic processes. 相似文献
48.
DO MEN “NEED” A SPOUSE MORE THAN WOMEN?: PERCEPTIONS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF MARRIAGE FOR MEN AND WOMEN
This study examines how important men and women feel marriage is for men and for women. Using data from the National Survey of Families and Households, we find that both men and women feel that men need to be married more than women do. Women are more likely than men to think that both men and women can have satisfying lives without marriage, but they are also more likely to think that only women can have satisfying lives without marriage. Younger, more educated people are less likely to emphasize marriage. On the other hand, religious people and those who are married with children are particularly likely to think that neither men nor women can have satisfying lives without marriage. 相似文献
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