Teacher Support and the School Engagement of Latino Middle and High School Students at Risk of School Failure

This investigation examined the effects of social support from teachers on the school engagement of middle and high school Latino students identified as being at risk of school failure. Regression analyses indicated that social support from teachers is an important factor in affective and behavioral aspects of school engagement. Specifically, teachers exerted an important effect on school engagement, beyond the effect of parental support. This paper discusses the implications of these findings for developing more effective dropout-prevention interventions for Latino students.     

Stimulus-Stimulus Pairing to Increase Vocalizations in Children with Language Delays: a Review

Stimulus-stimulus pairing (SSP) is a procedure used to increase vocalizations in children with significant language delays. However, results from studies that have examined the effectiveness of SSP have been discrepant. The following review of the literature summarizes the results from 13 experiments published between 1996 and 2014 that used this procedure with children with language delays. Studies were analyzed across various participant and procedural variables, and an effect size estimate (nonoverlap of all pairs) was calculated for a portion of the participants in the studies reviewed. Results indicated an overall moderate intervention effect for SSP of speech sounds. Recommendations are provided for future researchers about information to report and potential avenues for future studies.     

How Is Power Shared in Africa?

Is African politics characterized by concentrated power in the hands of a narrow group (ethnically determined) that then fluctuates from one extreme to another via frequent coups? Employing data on the ethnicity of cabinet ministers since independence, we show that African ruling coalitions are surprisingly large and that political power is allocated proportionally to population shares across ethnic groups. This holds true even restricting the analysis to the subsample of the most powerful ministerial posts. We argue that the likelihood of revolutions from outsiders and coup threats from insiders are major forces explaining allocations within these regimes. Alternative allocation mechanisms are explored. Counterfactual experiments that shed light on the role of Western policies in affecting African national coalitions and leadership group premia are performed.     

超级平台跨市场竞争损害的反垄断规制研究

超级平台伴随数字经济蓬勃而生,在推动经济发展与转型的同时也带来了许多竞争问题,其中跨市场竞争损害问题成为当前反垄断规制研究的新热点.平台深化其业务分工,以吸引更多用户群达成多元化建设目标,形成相互关联的平台生态系统,并通过生态系统将市场力量传导至其他相关市场,阻碍、排除其他相关市场的正常竞争.而以价格理论为基础的传统支配地位规制框架暴露出相关市场界定困难、支配地位与竞争损害发生市场不一的缺陷,无法有效规制跨市场损害行为.因此建议在《中华人民共和国反垄断法》中引入跨市场优势地位规制条款,设置典型滥用跨市场优势地位行为规范,对竞争损害行为进行有效规制.同时,设置抗辩条款并研究配套实施细则,保障平台企业的创新积极性,促进数字经济持续发展.     

黑龙江省农村低保标准测算与分析——基于扩展线性支出法

农村最低生活保障制度旨在保障收入低于最低生活标准的农村居民家庭的基本生活。在社会救助体系中发挥着＂最后一道安全网＂的重要作用。以往对于黑龙江省农村低保标准制定方面的研究,大多表现在理论探讨与定性分析基础上,缺乏实地调研与定量思考,基于此,文章以政策为指标建立背景,通过典型区实地调研,利用扩展线性支出模型（ELES）,针对不同低保人群,分别测算有无食品自给能力的低保理论标准,发现黑龙江省低保标准远低于政策要求,无法有效满足农村贫困家庭基本生活需要。鉴于此,通过比对黑龙江省财政支出,测算低保财政支持力度,提出具体财政建议及其配套建议。     

Comparisons of strategies to prevent breast cancer mortality

A health system should meet the health needs of the population. Given limited resources, choices are made about problems--typically, diseases--to attack. Then, choices must be made as to how to identify, treat, and ultimately, prevent their occurrences. This process is the subject of this article; it uses the case of breast cancer to examine allocation of resources to disease prevention and treatment. The paper reviews current allocation patterns among three strategies for prevention: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Each varies with respect to where the disease process is halted and in the amount of technological support required. Currently, the U.S. health care system allocates most resources to tertiary prevention, with scant support of primary and limited support of secondary prevention. Possible explanations for the current allocation patterns are discussed. Areas where social sciences have made contributions are highlighted. Finally, cost-effectiveness analyses are presented to illustrate a relatively balanced method for making decisions about future allocations.     

"新工科"工程教育认证背景下学习跟踪与评估体系——以新疆大学资源勘查工程专业为例

新时代信息化集成的新工业革命方兴未艾,教育部为了应对国际化、综合化、交叉化知识发展的新局面,要求工科专业完成工程教育认证,与世界工业体系接轨,实现"老工科"按照行业形势向"新工科"的升维.基于这一背景,新疆大学资源勘查工程专业工程对学生制度、培养目标、毕业要求、课程体系、师资队伍及持续改进的探索已刻不容缓.该专业以建立学生长期学习跟踪与评估体系为切入点,形成合理的学业跟踪制度,围绕毕业要求,持续改进课程体系及培养目标,以期培养出胜任勘查任务、服务边疆、对战略大宗资源/能源预测及评价具有先进地质理念、较强实践能力及创新意识的应用型地质人才.     

Dealing with excess of zeros in the statistical analysis of magnetic resonance imaging lesion count in multiple sclerosis

Lesion count observed on brain magnetic resonance imaging scan is a common end point in phase 2 clinical trials evaluating therapeutic treatment in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). This paper compares the performances of Poisson, zero‐inflated poisson (ZIP), negative binomial (NB), and zero‐inflated NB (ZINB) mixed‐effects regression models in fitting lesion count data in a clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of fingolimod in comparison with placebo, in MS. The NB and ZINB models prove to be superior to the Poisson and ZIP models. We discuss the advantages and limitations of zero‐inflated models in the context of MS treatment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

《巴黎协定》减排承诺下不遵约情事程序研究

在全球气候治理的新形势下,《巴黎协定》第15条提出将建立一个能够让各国遵守减排承诺的遵约机制。这种遵约机制建立的核心是对没有履行减排承诺的缔约国制定不遵约情事程序。减排承诺下的不遵约情事程序是一种促进性的、不以惩罚性为主的遵约保障程序,各缔约方就该程序的制定尚未能达成一致。在处理不遵约情事程序和条约强制性要素的关系、不遵约情事如何体现共同但有区别责任原则以及其与透明度规则、全球盘点机制的关系等方面困境重重。为构建一个遵约实效和减排计划相匹配的程序规则,应当以独立性遵约委员会为监管主体,结合国家减排能力,明确不遵约的各种情事边界和执行措施。制定包含资金、技术支持的援助性条款,同时对恶意逃避遵约等情况也制定谴责、中止相关权利等条款。不遵约情事程序仍然会以鼓励遵约为主,以期对各缔约方履行减排承诺和遵守遵约目标进行保障。