阿赀王国编年史(上)——斯坦因敦煌资料69卷84叶的年代学与体裁问题

1.斯坦因敦煌资料69卷84叶,为吐蕃与阿赀王国(吐谷浑)的研究者们所熟悉已五十年之久,但有关它固有的主题、体裁,特别是它的编年结构和记事年代,仍然众说纷纭。“资料”首先由陶玛士出版、翻译和注释。他判定是公元635—643年间阿赀宫庭生活的女性所激发而写的记述。然而人们一致认为他所提出的年代是难以令人满意的。李方桂认为“资料”中事件的断代定然被混淆了。佐滕长则怀疑“资料”的编年结构经陶玛士补订过。伯戴克对之作了新的阐明,他主张“资料”叙述的是706—716年间的事     

The tears have not stopped,the violence has not ended: political upheaval,ethnicity, and violence against women in Indonesia

The view of women as the sexual property of men becomes heightened during periods of political unrest. The rape of Chinese-Indonesian women in Jakarta, Indonesia, during the May 1998 student demonstrations confirms this observation. This article describes interviews with Jakarta rape victims conducted by Volunteers for Humanity--a coalition of nongovernmental organizations established after attacks on the opposition Indonesian Democratic Party in 1996. By July 1998, Volunteers for Humanity had documented 152 rapes in Jakarta and 20 rape-related deaths. The result of this fact-collecting was formation of the National Commission on Violence Against Women. Women's groups originally established to address violence against women are now incorporating racism into their campaign agendas. National publicity of these assaults led to further reports of violence against minority-group women perpetuated by the military, paramilitary forces, or civilian men in powerful positions in other areas of the country (e.g., Aceh, East Timor, and Irian Jaya/West Papua). In recent months, a backlash has developed, with official denial that any rapes occurred and intimidation and threats of sexual violence against potential witnesses. Future responses must involve multiethnic, multireligious groups to prevent further isolation/victimization of Chinese-Indonesian women.     

Aliasing Error of Sampling Theorem

Let f∈L_p~r(R),1相似文献   

迎接21世纪

１９００年,当上一个世纪更替之际,美国劳动力中仅有１３％的人有“工作”。到１９７７年,美国劳动人口的９３％有了工作。工作的最终含义是,为某个组织做事,每天在特定的时间做专门的工作,以换取薪水和健康与退休保险。所有这些使工作者有“保障”,然而世界变了。当今,社会力量、经济力量,更重要的是技术力量的合流正将一个新的工作领域带到世人面前,在这个新的领域中,一个人就是一个“个体企业”。多数人可能仍为组织工作,但是到２１世纪的第二个１０年,拥有稳定工作收入和保险的人将成为少数。其他人可能还会在组织中工作,…     

贸易壁垒与发展中国家

目前,有40多亿人口居住在发展中国家,这个数字约占世界人口总数的80%,而发展中国家的国民产值在世界国民总产值中所占的比例,则不足17%。发展中国家的经济必须与世界经济实现一体化,而在此之前,其经济发展仍然要走漫长的道路。任何国家只有通过商品附加值的贸易方式,才能与世界经济实现一体化,否则在闭关锁国的条件下,其经济不可能得到迅速的发展。这一点已被发达国家的发展历程所证实。在过去的15年间,发展中国家在国际贸易中所占的份额,仍然维持在19%上下。制造业是发展最快的部门,1980—1987年,第三世界国家工业制成品所占的出口份额,从56%上升至73%。但发展中国家工业制成品的贸易额在世界同类产品贸易额中仅占12%。     

美国总统的手腕上,都戴些啥

在2021年11月16日的中美领导人视频会晤中,一个细节引起了网友的兴趣. 美国总统乔·拜登抬起手时,手腕上不时闪出一块手表.仔细看,可以辨认出,它有着钢制的表带,蓝色的表盘. 这不是人们第一次注意到拜登的手腕.毕竟,他对手表的热爱人尽皆知.近几十年来,他是美国历任总统里,少见的"表叔".     

康德和法西斯主义的起源

有一种意见认为,虽然康德痛恨奴性,颂扬自主,但是他的学说却非常不幸地有导致极权主义的危险。希特勒使康德的理性和义务论名誉扫地:一方面,纳粹德国可以说是理性梦的结果;另一方面,自从奥兹威辛之后,义务一词就获得了可以认可不管是多么可怕的任何事情的坏名声。康德认为,不管有什么后果,我们都必须无条件地服从理性的绝对命令,这是我们无可逃避的道德义务;他甚至说,由于说真话是一种理性命令,因而即使是     

Socioeconomic marriage differentials in Australia and New Zealand

While marriage rates are relatively stable among better-educated men and women, they are rapidly declining among those with low educational attainment. This development has been recognized in the US as a new socioeconomic pattern of marriage. This article uses census data to show that socioeconomic marriage differentials are also increasing in Australia and New Zealand. These differentials have previously been noted independently of each other and of the international picture. In synthesizing the antipodean data, the article documents the new socioeconomic marriage pattern as an international phenomenon. This article further considers the extent to which the available explanations for the new marriage pattern fit the antipodean setting. In general, the factors identified as important in the North American setting are applicable to both Australia and New Zealand. In particular, the poor marriage prospects of men with low educational attainment appear to be common to these post-industrial economies with minimalist welfare states.     

Financial Satisfaction and (in)formal Sector in a Transition Country

This paper examines the relationship between working in the formal or informal sector and self-reported individual financial satisfaction in a country in transition. It does so by allowing for individual heterogeneity in terms of perceived financial insecurity and tax morale. The empirical analysis uses a dataset for Albania, a country in transition. The method applied is the ‘self-administered questionnaire’, which combines personal contacts with written questionnaire. The results indicate that, for most individuals, working in the informal sector has negative effects on their self reported financial satisfaction. For some individuals, however, this effect is positive. The characteristic defining these two groups of individuals is their attitude towards the perceived financial insecurity related to not paying taxes. These findings have important implications, in particular for transition countries with large informal sectors. Given the involuntary participation in the informal sector in these countries, the majority of individuals working in this sector will remain financially dissatisfied as long as they have no other social safety net.