Combined survival analysis of cardiac patients by a Cox PH model and a Markov chain

The control and treatment of dyslipidemia is a major public health challenge, particularly for patients with coronary heart diseases. In this paper we propose a framework for survival analysis of patients who had a major cardiac event, focusing on assessment of the effect of changing LDL-cholesterol level and statins consumption on survival. This framework includes a Cox PH model and a Markov chain, and combines their results into reinforced conclusions regarding the factors that affect survival time. We prospectively studied 2,277 cardiac patients, and the results show high congruence between the Markov model and the PH model; both evidence that diabetes, history of stroke, peripheral vascular disease and smoking significantly increase hazard rate and reduce survival time. On the other hand, statin consumption is correlated with a lower hazard rate and longer survival time in both models. The role of such a framework in understanding the therapeutic behavior of patients and implementing effective secondary and primary prevention of heart diseases is discussed here.     

Simultaneous marginal survival estimators when doubly censored data is present

A doubly censoring scheme occurs when the lifetimes T being measured, from a well-known time origin, are exactly observed within a window [L, R] of observational time and are otherwise censored either from above (right-censored observations) or below (left-censored observations). Sample data consists on the pairs (U, δ) where U = min{R, max{T, L}} and δ indicates whether T is exactly observed (δ = 0), right-censored (δ = 1) or left-censored (δ = −1). We are interested in the estimation of the marginal behaviour of the three random variables T, L and R based on the observed pairs (U, δ). We propose new nonparametric simultaneous marginal estimators [^(S)]_T, [^(S)]_L{\hat S_{T}, \hat S_{L}} and [^(S)]_R{\hat S_{R}} for the survival functions of T, L and R, respectively, by means of an inverse-probability-of-censoring approach. The proposed estimators [^(S)]_T, [^(S)]_L{\hat S_{T}, \hat S_{L}} and [^(S)]_R{\hat S_{R}} are not computationally intensive, generalize the empirical survival estimator and reduce to the Kaplan-Meier estimator in the absence of left-censored data. Furthermore, [^(S)]_T{\hat S_{T}} is equivalent to a self-consistent estimator, is uniformly strongly consistent and asymptotically normal. The method is illustrated with data from a cohort of drug users recruited in a detoxification program in Badalona (Spain). For these data we estimate the survival function for the elapsed time from starting IV-drugs to AIDS diagnosis, as well as the potential follow-up time. A simulation study is discussed to assess the performance of the three survival estimators for moderate sample sizes and different censoring levels.     

Poisson regression with misclassified counts: application to cervical cancer

"Errors in disease classification can give misleading inferences for covariate effects when the probability of error is itself related to the covariates. More accurate inferences are possible using supplemental data on both true and fallible disease counts at various covariate levels. We present a method for incorporating such supplemental data into disease rate regression and use it to show that, although observed intercountry differences in European cervical cancer mortality rates are exaggerated by errors in death certification, they are not completely explained by such errors." The data concern Belgium, England and Wales, France, and Italy.     

苏联辩证逻辑的历史发展

辩证逻辑从1950年起在苏联确立为一门哲学学科。许多苏联哲学家,例如 M.H.阿列克谢也夫、.M.凯德洛夫和.B.柯普宁等最著名的苏联哲学家都著书撰文,致力于建立辩证逻辑。西方苏联学迄今尚未对苏联辩证逻辑作过研究。本文旨在率先对之作一初步的考查。     

经济人类学的展望

六十年代初期以来,对经济人类学理论来说,发生了几件重要的事。第一是引用马克思主义理论的人类学家人数增加。目前,在英国发表经济人类学论文的马克思主义杂志至少有四种:《辩证法的人类学》、《经济与社会》、《人类     

《山西的军阀阎锡山》前言

过去,研究中国历史的学者,一直很注意一九一一年清政府被推翻后在北京和南京建立起来的国民或中央政府,却很少去研究那些被认为是军阀的职业军人在中国所建立起来的军事政权。诚然,这些军人政府绝大部分都不受国民政府和中央政府的支配,而且在中国历史上起着同等重要的,有时是卓越的作用。本书是探究军阀阎锡山的生涯及其政策的。他的军队在一九一一至一九四九年间一直控制着晋西北的全部或大部分地区。本书试图通过对其中一个军阀政权的研究,使人们对军阀主义的种种政治现象有个详尽的了解,从而进一步阐明二十世纪前半叶中国地方政府的全部问题。本书描述一个没有受过良好教育,缺乏素养,独裁专制的,但又是一位能干的,具有现代思想而努力实行政治、社会及经济改革的中国领导人。他认为中国要免受西方文明的影响,抗拒共产主义的传播,对付日本帝国主义的挑战,这些改革是迫在眉睫的。由于他自己的保守主义和狭隘的地方观念及他的臣民的这些守旧、狭     

光学薄膜镀制技术的对比研究

本文介绍了两种光学镀膜真空淀积技术——离子辅助淀积和反应离子镀,并详述了近年来的应用及进一步的发展。     

八十年代末中国贫困规模和程度的估计

八十年代末中国贫困规模和程度的估计＊李实古斯塔夫森本文以１９８８年的抽样调查数据为依据，选择相对贫困线从不同的侧面测度了８０年代末中国的贫困规模和贫困程度。研究表明，８０年代末，中国的贫困问题主要发生在农村地区，但农村贫困的地区性差异又非常明显。虽然...     

拉动消费的意义

尽管过去十年里,中国的实际工资水平上涨了12．5％,但是消费在经济中所占的比例却在下降,因此,评论员怀疑,企业家面临的是国内外需求及生产能力同时萎缩的局面。     

“以学生为本”是马克思主义基本原理教学改革的关键

马克思主义基本原理教学是高校思想政治工作和教育工作中不可忽视重要环节。为了提高教学质量,达到马克思主义基本原理课教书育人的目的,本文针对教学过程中的薄弱环节和不足,怎样提高课程的教学效果提出了改革的思路。