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991.
George Steinmetz 《Sociological review mongraph》2016,64(2):98-123
This article develops a series of arguments about social fields, subfields, and social spaces that can help us understand empires and colonies. First, we have to assume that the scale of fields is not always coextensive with the boundaries of the national state but is often much larger, or smaller. Imperial fields are among the most spatially extensive ones, though they may not be as territorially extensive as truly global fields. Second, we need to make a distinction between imperial fields and imperial social spaces (based on Bourdieu's distinction between social fields and social spaces). The third argument is that colonies in modern empires were characterized by two different kinds of fields: fields that were simply extended into the overseas territories, versus completely separate fields unique to one or more of the colonies. The colonial state is an example of a field that is specific to the colony. By contrast, scientific fields were often simply extended from the metropole into the colonies, encompassing both. The fourth argument concerns subfields. Transported into imperial realms, this distinction suggests that some colonial offshoots of fielded metropolitan practices do not constitute separate fields but are nonetheless differentiated from their main overarching field. These four points are illustrated with examples from British, French and German imperial policy, colonial statecraft and colonial sociology. 相似文献
992.
Kelly H. Koo Hong V. Nguyen Michele P. Andrasik William H. George 《Journal of sex research》2015,52(1):55-68
With high college enrollment and increasing alcohol use, Asian American (AA) college women may be at particular risk for experiencing alcohol-involved acquaintance rape. Although AA women have expressed the weakest intentions to report rape when compared to other ethnic groups, cultural factors influencing these intentions remain unexamined. Guided by grounded theory, 17 self-identified AA college women were interviewed about how the average AA college woman would respond to an alcohol-involved acquaintance rape. Despite awareness of benefits of disclosing rape, participants emphasized that nondisclosure would be the normative response. Three themes emerged from participants: institutional, sociocultural, and psychological contexts of nondisclosure. At an institutional level, nondisclosure referenced mental health and police services, which included Asian stereotypes and mistrust of police. Within a sociocultural context, rape nondisclosure focused on negative consequences on relationships with parents and, to a lesser extent, on friendships. Emotional avoidance and not labeling an acquaintance rape as rape were psychological strategies for rape nondisclosure. Participant's conceptualizations of mental and physical health concerns, specifically post-rape concerns, were framed within sociocultural/macrostructural contexts and may not match that of the more individualistic U.S. mainstream conceptualizations of health. Culturally sensitive rape education may be more effective in increasing rape prevention and support. 相似文献
993.
We consider a class of adaptive MCMC algorithms using a Langevin-type proposal density. We state and prove regularity conditions for the convergence of these algorithms. In addition to these theoretical results we introduce a number of methodological innovations that can be applied much more generally. We assess the performance of these algorithms with simulation studies, including an example of the statistical analysis of a point process driven by a latent log-Gaussian Cox process. 相似文献
994.
995.
Health,Health Insurance,and Decision to Exit from Farming 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kuo-Liang Chang George L. Langelett Andrew W. Waugh 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2011,32(2):356-372
The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of health and health insurance on farmers’ exit decision-making process.
Using data from 2000 to 2007 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, we tested the following three hypotheses: (1) Health condition
affects farmers’ exit decision; (2) Having health insurance discourages farmers from exiting; (3) Obtaining health insurance
helps farmers with physical health problems to continue farming. Empirical results indicated that having health insurance
has a positive effect on encouraging farmers to continue farming regardless of health condition. The study results also suggested
that farmer’s health condition and access to health insurance have noticeably larger marginal impacts on farmer’ exit decision
than income and other commonly-considered socio-economic and demographic variables. 相似文献
996.
Per capita consumption of energy in 112 world areas was related to a series of economic and demographic variables. Linear associations were found for four economic variables, and a curvilinear association in the form of a J curve for four demographic variables. It was found that the exponential distribution y = e(-X) for the curves for the demographic variables (crude birth rate, infant mortality rate, percent of deaths from contagious and infectious diseases, and life expectancy). By using a table of exponential functions, one can determine values for the distribution of these variables and the crude death rate for any desired level of energy consumption. 相似文献
997.
The study seeks to ascertain whether the operational definition of “gentrification” has an impact on the apparent extent, location and causal factors associated with the phenomenon. Four alternative definitional criteria are specified, based on areal changes in: proportion black, proportion college-educated, real incomes and real property values. The stringency of the given change needed to qualify as gentrification is also varied. Census tract changes from 1970–80 in Philadelphia are analyzed. Results indicate great sensitivity in the number and location of “gentrified” tracts to the definition chosen and stringency applied. Even more importantly, the 1970 characteristics of tracts which statistically explain their subsequent gentrication vary dramatically across these definitions. 相似文献
998.
Kindergarten oral language skill: A key variable in the intergenerational transmission of socioeconomic status 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rachel E. Durham George Farkas Carol Scheffner Hammer J. Bruce Tomblin Hugh W. Catts 《Research in social stratification and mobility》2007,25(4):294-305
In this paper we test whether oral language development during the preschool years helps explain the positive relationship between family socioeconomic status (SES) and children's elementary school performance. In particular, we test for the portion of the SES effect on 2nd to 4th grade reading, 3rd to 4th grade mathematics, and overall teacher-rated performance that is explained by oral language ability measured when kindergarten begins. We analyze a unique data set containing unusually comprehensive measures of kindergarten oral language ability. The data are for white Midwestern children and their families. Estimation via structural equation modeling shows that oral language skill at kindergarten entry explains most of the effect of SES on elementary school performance. Since other studies have shown that elementary school performance strongly determines later educational attainment, much of the intergenerational transmission of socioeconomic status occurs when the child is very young. 相似文献
999.
Previous research has shown that materialism relates negatively to satisfaction with many life domains. The present study
broadens this body of research by examining the relationship between three dimensions of materialism and eight quality of
life (QOL) domains in a large, diverse sample of U.S. respondents. Two hypotheses were tested: First, overall measures of
materialism and satisfaction with QOL were thought to be inversely related. Second, the three dimensions of materialism and
QOL domains were hypothesized to be negatively correlated. Results show that overall materialism and its happiness dimension
were consistently negatively related to all eight measures of QOL. Materialism’s centrality and success dimensions were negatively
correlated with seven and six of the eight QOL domains, respectively. Findings are discussed in light of Humanistic and Organismic
theories, and other implications are considered. 相似文献
1000.
Summary An age-structured population dynamics model is presented that incorporates pheromone-trapping and food-trapping as control
methods for an insect pest. The model yields the following results. Low rates of pest survivorship allow lower trapping rates
for control. Species with long developmental periods are easier to control than those with shorter developmental periods (other
factors being equal) due to lower net survival. The rates of pheromone trapping alone for effective control are usually very
high. The combination of pheromone and food trapping allows control with much lower trapping rates than either method alone.
Even small amounts of immigration of adult pests into the control area renders pheromone control ineffective, whereas food
traps suppress both the immigrants and the resident population. Food- (or odor-) baited traps which attract both males and
females are only somewhat more efficient than those which attract females alone. The existence of density-dependent population
regulation assists the control program substantially, but this assistance declines as food trapping becomes a more important
part of the control program. Larval competition strongly affects the required trapping rates for eradication; species in which
all larvae exert strong competition are much easier to control than those in whic the younger larvae contribute little to
the total competitive depression. 相似文献