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131.
In this article hurts in the workplace are discussed, which are not aggressions of one person against another person. Rather they are effects of structural conditions in organizations or effects of legal processes in societies. The author presents three case studies with examples of such hurts and she postulates, that the Coach has to reflect political conditions in his work. 相似文献
132.
The Bologna Process is a unique harmonisation process taking place outside the policy-making framework of the European Union. It aims at enhancing the comparability and compatibility of higher education structures and degrees across Europe, as well as to institutionalise quality assurance mechanisms. The aim of this article is to provide a condensed, up-to-date overview of the Bologna Process with regard to structural characteristics, before embedding it into a discussion on processes on voluntary policy convergence and to which extent we should be able to find this kind of policy harmonisation in the realm of the Bologna Process. Related to this are questions why this, in principle, completely voluntary process of policy harmonisation, has appealed to so many countries and why they might or might not feel committed to the implementation of its policies and tools. 相似文献
133.
Transformational leadership is assumed to enhance employees' creativity. However, results of meta‐analytic research on the relations between transformational leadership and creativity have fallen short of expectations. The authors argue that, besides leadership style, the creativity technique that a leader employs is an important means of stimulating employees' creativity. In addition, it is assumed that leadership styles and creativity techniques may have different effects, depending on the measure of creativity output (quantitative vs qualitative). Therefore, in an experimental setting, the effects of different creativity techniques (provocation technique vs brainwriting) and leadership styles (transformational vs transactional) on both quantitative and qualitative creativity were examined. Results showed that transformational leadership and provocation technique led to higher levels of qualitative creativity than transactional leadership and brainwriting, respectively. Conversely, transactional leadership and brainwriting were more effective for quantitative creativity. The additional benefit of the provocation technique in qualitative creativity was found to be higher in the transactional leadership condition than in the transformational leadership condition. Moreover, personal initiative made a significant and independent contribution to both qualitative and quantitative creativity. Implications for practice and future research are discussed. 相似文献
134.
Managers and supervisors are thought to affect their followers' attitudes and behaviour. Within leadership research, behaviour of leaders and managers is usually considered as the independent variable whilst followers' reactions are considered the dependent variable. In this study, we reverse this order and investigate the degree to which the evaluation of leadership is a result of followers' perceptions and attributions. In order to corroborate and extend previous experimental research, a field study was conducted to analyse the influence of followers' personality and perceived leader personality on followers' perception of leadership within an organizational setting. The results provide further evidence that followers' personality influences the perception of transformational leadership and commitment to the supervisor. Moreover, the perception of leaders' personality was related to the perception of leadership and commitment to the supervisor. The finding that the perception of supervisors' personality mediates both the relationship between followers' personality and the perception of leadership and commitment provides support for the similarity hypothesis. Results are discussed in the light of feedback and leader development. 相似文献
135.
Dynamic reasoning and time pressure: Transition from analytical operations to experiential responses
Based upon the Decision Field Theory (Busemeyer and Townsend 1993), we tested a model of dynamic reasoning to predict the
effect of time pressure on analytical and experiential processing during decision-making. Forty-six participants were required
to make investment decisions under four levels of time pressure. In each decision, participants were presented with experiential
cues which were either congruent or incongruent with the analytical information. The congruent/incongruent conditions allowed
us to examine how many decisions were based upon the experiential versus the analytical information, and to see if this was
affected by the varying degrees of time pressure. As expected, the overall accuracy was reduced with greater time pressure
and accuracy was higher when the experiential and analytical cues were congruent than when they were incongruent. Of great
interest was the data showing that under high time pressure participants used more experiential cues than at other time pressures.
We suggest that the dynamic reasoning paradigm has some future potential for predicting the effects of experiential biases
in general, and specifically under time pressure. 相似文献
136.
Sourour Elloumi 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2010,19(1):69-83
Given a set of clients and a set of potential sites for facilities, the p-median problem consists of opening a set of p sites and assigning each client to the closest open facility to it. It can be viewed as a variation of the uncapacitated
facility location problem. We propose a new formulation of this problem by a mixed integer linear problem. We show that this
formulation, while it has the same value by LP-relaxation, can be much more efficient than two previous formulations. The
computational experiment performed on two sets of benchmark instances has showed that the efficiency of the standard branch-and-cut
algorithm has been significantly improved. Finally, we explore the structure of the new formulation in order to derive reduction
rules and to accelerate the LP-relaxation resolution. 相似文献
137.
Many important decisions involve financial risk, and substantial evidence suggests that women tend to be more risk averse
than men. We explore a potential biological basis of risk-taking variation within and between the sexes by studying how the
ratio between the length of the second and fourth fingers (2D:4D) predicts risk-taking. A smaller 2D:4D ratio has been linked
to higher exposure to prenatal testosterone relative to estradiol, with men having lower ratios than women. In financially
motivated decision-making tasks, we find that men and women with smaller 2D:4D ratios chose significantly riskier options.
We further find that the ratio partially explains the variation in risk-taking between the sexes. Moreover, for men and women
at the extremes of the digit-ratio distribution the difference in risk-taking disappears. Thus, the 2D:4D ratio partially
explains variation in financial risk-taking behavior within and between sexes and offers evidence of a biological basis for
risk-taking behavior. 相似文献
138.
139.
Dr. Heinrich H. Förster CFA Dipl.-Kfm. Stefan Stöckl Henner Brenken M.Sc. 《Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft》2009,79(9):985-1018
The German Corporate Tax Reform Act of 2008 requires an adjustment of classic valuation concepts because it limits interest deduction from taxable income depending on the operating performance of the company. By using time- and state-contingent discount rates in a risk-neutral valuation with predetermined debt levels, a theoretically sound valuation result is obtained. However, a modified APV-concept which assumes deterministic debt over the planning horizon and constant leverage in the terminal value phase also yields consistent valuation results when two types of tax shields with different levels of risk are distinguished. 相似文献
140.