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61.
Cooper Matthew Brown Molly E. Azzarri Carlo Meinzen-Dick Ruth 《Population and environment》2019,41(2):151-208
Population and Environment - Changing precipitation patterns caused by climate change are expected to have major impacts on food security and nutrition in agrarian areas in developing countries.... 相似文献
62.
de Barros Pimenta A Santos SM de Jesus MC Borges MM de Oliveira Marques GL Abdalla EJ 《Work (Reading, Mass.)》2012,41(Z1):5681-5683
The generation growing and diversified of Municipal Solid Waste is configured as an environmental problem, economic and social deterioration, especially, by application of inappropriate management of them. Faced with this urban context, the research in development presents as specific objective assessment of the quality of life of the gatherers of recyclable materials were active in the city of Juiz de Fora, in the brazilian state of Minas Gerais. In addition, the objective is, still, the recognition of the activity of sorting performed by "scavengers" in order to maximize the reduction, reuse and recycling energy and material waste daily. The proposed methodology is based on the application of the questionnaire Word Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-100), prepared by the World Health Organization, in order to value the quality of life of the gatherers of recyclable materials, involved, even in educational workshops in order to discuss and organize strategies of health care and scouting to the basement to public policies. 相似文献
63.
Meyer TS Muething JZ Lima GA Torres BR del Rosario TK Gomes JO Lambert JH 《Work (Reading, Mass.)》2012,41(Z1):2925-2932
Radiological nuclear emergency responders must be able to coordinate evacuation and relief efforts following the release of radioactive material into populated areas. In order to respond quickly and effectively to a nuclear emergency, high-level coordination is needed between a number of large, independent organizations, including police, military, hazmat, and transportation authorities. Given the complexity, scale, time-pressure, and potential negative consequences inherent in radiological emergency responses, tracking and communicating information that will assist decision makers during a crisis is crucial. The emergency response team at the Angra dos Reis nuclear power facility, located outside of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, presently conducts emergency response simulations once every two years to prepare organizational leaders for real-life emergency situations. However, current exercises are conducted without the aid of electronic or software tools, resulting in possible cognitive overload and delays in decision-making. This paper describes the development of a decision support system employing systems methodologies, including cognitive task analysis and human-machine interface design. The decision support system can aid the coordination team by automating cognitive functions and improving information sharing. A prototype of the design will be evaluated by plant officials in Brazil and incorporated to a future trial run of a response simulation. 相似文献
64.
Angela M. Robertson Jennifer L. Syvertsen Hortensia Amaro Gustavo Martinez M. Gudelia Rangel Thomas L. Patterson 《Journal of sex research》2014,51(6):711-720
Female sex workers (FSWs) experience elevated risk for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) through unprotected sex with male clients, yet the complexity of these commercial relationships remains understudied. From 2010 to 2011, we explored FSWs' conceptualizations of various client types and related risk behavior patterns using semistructured interviews with 46 FSWs in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, where FSWs' HIV/STI prevalence is increasing. Our grounded theory analysis identified four types of commercial relationships: nonregular clients, regular clients and friends, clients who “fell in love” with FSWs, and long-term financial providers who often originated from the United States. As commercial relationships developed, clients' social and emotional connections to FSWs increased, rendering condom negotiation and maintaining professional boundaries more difficult. Drug abuse and poverty also influenced behaviors, particularly in Ciudad Juárez, where lucrative U.S. clients were increasingly scarce. While struggling to cultivate dependable relationships in a setting marked by historical sex tourism from a wealthier country, some FSWs ceased negotiating condom use. We discuss the need for HIV/STI research and prevention interventions to recognize the complexity within FSWs' commercial relationships and how behaviors (e.g., condom use) evolve as relationships develop through processes that are influenced by local sociopolitical contexts and binational income inequality. 相似文献
65.
Mieke Schrooten Noel B. Salazar Gustavo Dias 《Journal of ethnic and migration studies》2016,42(7):1199-1215
Within the social sciences, migration has traditionally been conceived of as a unidirectional, purposeful and intentional process from one state of fixity (in the place of origin) to another (in the destination). By mapping the trajectories of Brazilians who currently reside in Belgium or the UK, this article draws attention to a group of people whose mobile practices do not fit this definition. On the contrary, their experiences are marked by an ongoing mobility that consists of a multiplicity of potential routes, which are often unstable and which may be accompanied by changes in status. These Brazilians tend to ‘live in mobility’ in order to improve the quality of life at home. As such, leaving home becomes a strategy of staying home, which challenges what is usually evoked by the concept of ‘migration’, whereby ‘building up a new life elsewhere’ and ‘integration’ are seen as key. Whereas our respondents themselves have a more circular or mobile perspective, the receiving society discursively frames migration as one-way, and thus as a ‘threat’ that calls for social integration, control and the maintenance of national identity. 相似文献
66.
Jose M. Cancela Iris M. de Oliveira Gustavo Rodríguez-Fuentes 《European review of aging and physical activity》2014,11(2):81-94
Pilates method is employed for physical and mental conditioning. Elderly people could be benefited from a patterned and regulated conditioning work based on Pilates method. We performed a systematic review to assess the evidence on the effects of Pilates method in physical fitness on older adults. Our search included the following databases: MEDLINE-PubMed, Scopus and CINAHL Plus with Full Text via EBSCO and SPORTDiscus databases (up to April 2014). A summary of the results was performed using a best evidence synthesis and was reported according to the systematic review method proposed by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to assess the methodology quality of selected studies. Seventeen experimental studies were included in this review. Fourteen were randomized controlled trials (RCT) and three clinical controlled trials (CCT). Quality scores according to PEDro indicate low quality of the included studies (range 1–6, mean 3.8?±?1.2). The most studied components related to physical fitness were neuromotor fitness (n?=?11), muscle strength (n?=?8), cardiorespiratory endurance (n?=?4), body composition (n?=?4) and flexibility (n?=?4). Results indicate that Pilates method seems to present positive effects in neuromotor fitness, especially in static and dynamic balance. Related to the other components of physical fitness (cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle strength, body composition and flexibility), contradictory results were observed. The Pilates method indicates to be an appropriate exercise modality in order to improve balance on older adults. Nevertheless, more intervention research is needed to build a solid knowledge base about the health benefits of Pilates method on older people, especially regarding the other components of physical fitness. 相似文献
67.
Social closure,micro‐class immobility and the intergenerational reproduction of the upper class: a comparative study 下载免费PDF全文
This article assesses how processes of social closure enhance intergenerational immobility in the regulated professions and thus promote persistence at the top of the occupational hierarchy. We compare four European countries (GB, Germany, Denmark and Sweden) that differ considerably in their degree of professional regulation and in their broader institutional arrangements. We run log‐linear and logistic regression models on a cumulative dataset based on three large‐scale surveys with detailed and highly comparable information at the level of unit occupations. Our analyses indicate that children of licensed professionals are far more likely to inherit the occupation of their parents and that this stronger micro‐class immobility translates into higher chances of persistence in the upper class. These results support social closure theory and confirm the relevance of a micro‐class approach for the explanation of social fluidity and of its cross‐national variations. Moreover, we find that, when children of professionals do not reproduce the micro‐class of their parents, they still display disproportionate chances of persistence in professional employment. Hence, on the one hand, processes of social closure erect barriers between professions and fuel micro‐class immobility at the top. On the other hand, the cultural proximity of different professional groups drives intense intergenerational exchanges between them. Our analyses indicate that these micro‐ and meso‐class rigidities work as complementary routes to immobility at the top. 相似文献
68.
A weighted bootstrap approximation for comparing the error distributions in nonparametric regression
Gustavo I. Rivas Martínez 《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2017,87(18):3503-3520
Several procedures have been proposed for testing the equality of error distributions in two or more nonparametric regression models. Here we deal with methods based on comparing estimators of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the errors in each population to an estimator of the common CDF under the null hypothesis. The null distribution of the associated test statistics has been approximated by means of a smooth bootstrap (SB) estimator. This paper proposes to approximate their null distribution through a weighted bootstrap. It is shown that it produces a consistent estimator. The finite sample performance of this approximation is assessed by means of a simulation study, where it is also compared to the SB. This study reveals that, from a computational point of view, the proposed approximation is more efficient than the one provided by the SB. 相似文献
69.
José André de Moura Brito Gustavo Silva Semaan Augusto Cesar Fadel Luciana Roque Brito 《统计学通讯:模拟与计算》2017,46(6):4419-4451
A new optimization algorithm is presented to solve the stratification problem. Assuming the number L of strata and the total sample size n are fixed, we obtain strata boundaries by using an objective function associated with the variance. In this problem, strata boundaries must be determined so that the elements in each stratum are more homogeneous among themselves. To produce more homogeneous strata, this paper proposes a new algorithm that uses the Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure (GRASP) methodology. Computational results are presented for a set of problems, with the application of the new algorithm and some algorithms from literature. 相似文献
70.
Gustavo Carlo George P. Knight Meredith McGinley Byron L. Zamboanga Lorna Hernandez Jarvis 《Journal of research on adolescence》2010,20(2):334-358
There is growing recognition of the need to examine distinct forms of prosocial behaviors and to conduct research on prosocial behaviors among ethnic minorities. Middle school students (mean age=12.67 years; 54% girls; European American, n=290; Mexican American, n=152) completed a multidimensional measure of prosocial behavior and measures of parental monitoring, externalizing behaviors, and religiosity. Results yield supportive evidence that anonymous, dire, emotional, compliant, public, and altruism are different forms of prosocial behaviors. Moreover, the measure of prosocial behaviors shows measurement equivalence properties across ethnicity and gender. The discussion focuses on the multidimensional nature of prosocial behaviors and implications for future research on prosocial behaviors. 相似文献