从十大数据变化看中国经济社会发展

过去5年,从城市到农村,从东部到西部,中国在变化中前行.数据是枯燥的,但反映的经济社会生活却丰富多彩.新华社记者选择过去5年的十个数据,从中可以看到中国经济社会发展的不凡历程.……     

有限的伙伴关系:1928年至1944年中国与德国、苏联和美国的关系

自1928年国民党统治开始,中国第一次进入了其现代意义上的国际合作关系时期,寻求国际伙伴关系首次成为中国内政与外交政策的主要目标.20世纪30年代和40年代早期的中德、中俄和中美关系各自具有鲜明的特性.中德关系建立在两国领导人互相信任和经验积累的基础之上,某些意识形态上的类似是其得以发展的主要因素,但更重要的是互补的经济利益使国民党可以实现平等的合作.中苏关系和中美关系一开始就是为了增强双方对付共同敌人的力量而形成结盟的,之前都不具有恰当的合作机制,而意识形态是一个复杂的、不利于结盟的因素.在中苏关系中,结盟意味着从直接敌对状态转向谨慎的合作.而中美之间非国家层面上的合作既没有达到一个较高的水平,这些合作也不会自动强化双方的官方关系.当结盟机制仓促建立起来时,却缺乏坚实的结构基础.     

国际贸易与淡水稀缺

从全球视野看待淡水问题日显重要.一个地方的水枯竭和水污染常常同全球经济密切相关.随着国与国之间和各个大陆之间贸易的不断增加,水越来越多地用来生产出口产品.事实表明,进口水密集型商品会减少进口国对水的需求;相反,出口水密集型商品则会提高出口国对水的需求,从而增强出口国的水稀缺程度.把水的稀缺性纳入贸易决定当中,能够增强全球水的使用效率.     

影响印度对中国研究的西藏因素

印度官方承认西藏是中国领土的一部分,虽然对逃亡到印度的达赖集团富有同情心,但不允许其活动损害印中关系。在很大程度上,政府、学界、媒体、智库对西藏问题的态度也取决于印中之间的关系。在今后的印中关系中,西藏问题也将是一个不容忽视的问题。     

在公共服务递送中运营共同生产：服务蓝图的贡献

本文认为,公共服务应从以产品为主导的逻辑转向服务途径。通过采取服务导向,公共服务递送的经验性、组织间和系统性,以及作为共同生产者的服务使用者角色,将一同被考虑。论文将通过服务蓝图的应用,解释共同生产如何操作。并介绍了高等教育中的一个案例。在这一案例中,蓝图的创建将师生汇聚在一起,专注于学生入学的设计,从而改善学生体验,并支持共同生产。      

Analysis of strategic plans to assess planning for sustainability of comprehensive community initiatives

In order to achieve the intended impact on a community, comprehensive community initiatives must sustain programs once they have been implemented. However, planning for sustainability is challenging and is rarely incorporated in the planning process of an initiative. The current study examined 19 5-year plans developed during the planning phase of the Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent and Chronic Juvenile Offenders. Quantitative and qualitative methods were employed to assess the extent to which the construct of sustainability was incorporated. The plan analysis was supplemented with results from other components of the complex evaluation design implemented as part of the process evaluation of Comprehensive Strategy. Results suggested that sustainability was not accounted for during the planning phase of this initiative. The implications of these findings, including the importance of planning for sustainability in order to achieve sustainability, are discussed.     

Dopamine Genes and Pathological Gambling in Discordant Sib-Pairs

Pathological gambling (PG) is an impulse control disorder that has been considered as a behavioral addiction. Recent studies have suggested the involvement of the dopaminergic system in addictions and impulse control disorders and associations of dopamine receptor genes (DRD1, DRD2, and DRD4) and PG have been reported. In the present study, 140 sib-pairs discordant for the diagnosis of PG (70 males and 70 females on each group) were recruited through the Gambling Outpatient Unit at the Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo and were assessed by trained psychiatrists. A family-based association design was chosen to prevent population stratification. All subjects were genotyped for dopamine receptor genes (DRD1 -800 T/C, DRD2 TaqIA RFLP, DRD3 Ser9Gly, DRD4 48bp exon III VNTR, DRD5 (CA) repeat) and the dopamine transporter gene (SCL6A3 40 bp VNTR). Our results suggest the association of PG with DRD1 -800 T/C allele T (P = .03).